Plant pathogens and diseases

In nature the plants are exposed to a large number of pathogenic organisms such as insects, fungi, bacteria and viruses. It is then surprising to note that, in spite of the tenure and the absence of an immune system, the death of plants by disease end up being an exceptional situation. This suggests that the defense mechanisms of plant cells, both those constituent as those induced by the presence of the pathogen, are very effective to stop or counter an infection. In addition, it has been…

killed by cooking and pasteurization. Plants are able to produce different compounds that…

Science D Assessment: Food for All The amount of damage done by pests to crops is immense. Approximately 20% of the worldwide yield of food crops are damaged anually because of pests and the diseases pests spread. The human population of the World continues to rise every second and lies by about 7.4 billion people at the moment. Therefore, an ever increasing amount of food also has to be grown. We can not afford to keep on loosing large amounts of food that we start to grow only because of…

other. Therefore, mixed consortia of BA, SA and HL assessed under greenhouse trial. The co-inoculation of two microbes SA+HL reduced 77.3% of disease index and it followed by BA+SA+HL over infected control (Table 1). Next to this, a significant (P≤0.05) effect of combined application of BA, SA…

trials because of their susceptibility to eldana (Zhou, 2015). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have been reported as a safer method against plant pathogens. These rhizobacteria have been isolated from the phyllosphere, rhizosphere and as endophyte from the plant tissue (Glick, 1995). These bacteria not only enhance the growth of plants by solubilizing phosphate, fixing nitrogen but also improve plant resistance against pathogen invasion by activating system acquired resistance (Bloemberg…

explain and find out the natural phenomena that impacts dying trees in our area. The key elements we are investigating is the plant pathogen,Phytophthora ramorum and the trees that are being affected and the host,Umbellaria californica. This is significant since billions of trees are dying at a rapid pace every year due to a new pathogen that causes Sudden Oak Death. The pathogen is called Phytophthora ramorum and it was recently discovered in the year of 1995, which at this point has a high…

Pathogen infection leads to response induction as well as a change in antioxidant activity, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter and proteome of the host plant. (Swarbrick et al., 2006).Investigation of plant-pathogen interaction shows pathogens aim to overcome host defense responses while plants employ a battery of responses to limit pathogen growth and disease development. Consequently, plant induces defense mechanism which demands a reallocation of energy towards the…

bacterium Pseudomonas syringea pv. porri. The issue is due to the bacterial blights produced by this pathogen, which hurts leek cultivation. This has caught scientist’s attention, as these cases of bacterial blights have been increasing and are causing economical losses in the process. Although there are different methods for disease management, they are not entirely feasible. As most disease management is purely prevention, leaving little to no room for a solution when symptoms of infection…

yet, in most cases they are essential to the survival of flowering plants or angiosperms. They complete the reproduction cycle of these plants and without them some plants would not have a successful pollination. Besides beekeepers, and other jobs where work relates to bees, these important creatures go unnoticed. Including bees “insect pollinators merit our preservation efforts because some 67 percent of extant flowering plants depend, to varying extents, upon them for reproduction,” (Tepedino…

Genetic drift is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution in which the number of alleles of a population change over generations. It is most common in populations that have regular cycles of extinction and recolonization. This mechanisms occurs through chance alone as a result from sampling error throughout the generations. It can also lead to large changes in a population over a short period of time. Its effects are strongest in small populations, but can occur in any population of any size.…