Plant pathogens and diseases

Disease respects no border. Today’s globalized society expands opportunities for pathogens to spread easily, increases pathogen resistance to drugs, and potentializes unintentional and intentional release of pathogens through bioterrorism. A recent Ebola outbreak caused regional instability in the U.S. and abroad. Countries without a strong public health system pose a threat to the U.S. and the rest of the world during pandemic crises. Our health and wellness is dependent on international…

Phosphite can control and suppress a broad spectrum of pythium diseases ranging from blight, root dysfunction and also root rot. Research out of Wisconsin and adapted from Cook et al., 2009 actually found that phosphites were highly comparable to subdue max. In the study, even fertility phosphites provided good control…

extinction, it’s only the bee-ginning. Humans swat at them, spray them, and kill them. Has anyone ever thought of the importance of the honey bees people are trying to eliminate? Take a walk in nature on a sunny day and you’ll notice flowers blooming, plants growing, little critters moving around, and the buzzing of bees. Imagine if bees were taken out of the world . Honey bees have a much greater importance than most people realize, and taking them for granted could put a lot of resources at…

1. The innate immune system, also considered the first line of defense, is made up of different mechanisms that protect the host from infecting organisms. This system allows for immediate response to infection, and is found in all classes of plant and animal life. Though the innate immune system does provide immediate defense against an infecting agent, it does not provide long term protective immunity to the host, therefore it does not have memory. The innate immune system utilizes protective…

(Schlosser, 2001). Beside the low-paying wage that these meatpacking companies were now offered, the working condition in these plants were brutal. Most of the employees from these plants suffered horrible…

I bet this isn't the first thing that comes to your mind when you think of something that has a detrimental effect on the environment, Invasive Species. Invasive Species can include any type of living organism that is not native to a certain ecosystem which can cause harm to that newly inhabited ecosystem. The harm that can cause doesn't always just affect the environment but the economy and even human health. Invasive species cause harm to a newly inhabited ecosystem in many different ways.…

non living reservoirs. Human Reservoirs is a source of infection by which a human acts as the host to a pathogenic microorganism. There are two types of Human reservoirs, these include: acute and carriers. Acute is people who are infected with the disease agent and become ill. Carriers are individuals that harbour the infectious agent but are not ill, serving as a source by which other individuals can be infected. Animal reservoirs are the same as human reservoirs. They are in two categories,…

“If the bee disappeared off the face of the Earth, man would only have four years left to live." -Albert Einstein. Bees play a major role on Earth, they are vital to the human food supply, they are contributors to nature, they have historical significance, and they are good for business. The bee population has been decreasing for plenty years, and I believe that we need to save them. Bees need to be saved because of the huge impact they make to the earth, without them we won’t survive. Bees are…

a significant burden globally. “Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and toxin by-products of microorganisms, chemicals, and heavy metals can cause foodborne maladies. These agents are responsible for over 200 different foodborne diseases. In the United States alone, foodborne diseases cause an estimated 48 million illnesses and 128,000 hospitalizations every year. In addition, they account for an estimated 3,000 deaths annually.” (Food Safety) This is very alarming. This says that the U.S. system for…

Trichinellosis is a parasitic disease caused by Trichinella spp., a species of intestinal nematodes that reside as encysted larvae in muscle tissue and are released upon human digestion of infected raw or undercooked meat (Gottstein and others 2009). Domestic pigs are the primary source of infection for this pathogen making uncooked pork products, such as raw-fermented sausages, at risk for containing Trichinella spp. (Gottstein and others 2009). The symptoms of this disease include: facial…