Foot-and-mouth disease

The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), more commonly known as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), is an extremely contagious disease that affects all cloven-hooved species such as beef and dairy cattle, sheep, and swine. FMD is caused by genus Aphthovirus of the Picornaviridae family of which seven serotypes are recognized; including the three known as type O (now named the PanAsia strain), type A, type and C; types A and C both were present and responsible for the 2001 FMD epidemic in the United Kingdom (Arzt, Baxt, Grubman, Jackson, Juleff, Rhyan, and Rodriguez, 2011, p. 305). FMD is transmitted by direct contact between infected and susceptible animals, and by indirect contact with contaminated animal products (meat, raw milk, hides) and their feed, bedding, and equipment use for their maintenance. The disease can become airborne; when it does the spread of FMD occurs rapidly where large numbers of animals are in close proximity. According to Olsen, “The animal-to-animal airborne transmission range is 50 miles” and being an extremely stable virus, FMD can survive in bedding, on equipment, or even clothing for 1 month (2012, p. 4). An important feature of the disease in relation to its infectivity is that it may be excreted before signs become evident; thus the infection may spread before the farmer is aware that his herd…

At the age of seven, malaise kept me bedridden. Excruciating mouth sores multiplied as days passed. Red blisters carved into my skin and coursed through my blood, spreading the ailments through my body. I couldn’t comprehend what was happening. All I knew was that I felt sick, and I was waiting for medicine to make it better. I was terrified because none of the doctors I visited knew what was happening to me. Despite of their profession, they were unable to provide me with the correct treatment…

Children are curious little people who find a way of sticking anything and everything in their mouths before their parents can even get a chance to say “NO!” This is one of the main reasons why they are always getting sick and occasionally infecting the people they are in close contact with. The well-known hand-foot-mouth disease is almost always seen in children under the age of ten because of how infectious it is. Unfortunately hand-foot mouth disease is not limited to children. My cousin,…

Dermatology Department Today we will discuss the main conditions or diseases we see here in the pediatric department of Dermatology. First we will discuss Ringworms also known as Tinea. I am sure everyone has known someone and especially a child who has gotten ringworms. Before I say anything let me inform you a ringworm is not caused by a worm, I will explain where the name comes from soon. Ringworm is a dermatitis (skin rash), which is caused by dermatomycosis (fungal infection of the skin).…

down or halt the war. John goes to work just as he would any regular day but this day was different. This was the day that the United States had set out a military air strike that had killed about 25 young children. From that day on something inside John changed. This day is when John was triggered and decided to set his plan in motion. The next day John returned to work he smuggled out a sample of foot-and-mouth disease. He had taken the virus while he was in the lab by…

Researchers were able to splice together the virus protein of a previous vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease with the DNA of E. coli in order to produce bacteria that reproduced the vaccine protein at a much faster rate, which reduced the risk the previous vaccine posed of introducing foot-and-mouth disease to its host. Before this vaccine, foot-and-mouth disease could decimate a countries’ livestock, as it did in 1967 when the United Kingdom was forced to slaughter 442,000 animals at an…

6b. Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease or CVD is one of the leading causes of death in Australia. CVD refers to the diseases involving the heart and blood vessels. In 2016, 43,963 deaths were attributed to CVD. The main types of cardiovascular diseases are coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure. Cardiovascular disease affects one in six Australians, equivalent to more than 4.2 million people and kills one person in Australia every 12 minutes. (2)(3) Coronary heart disease-…

Evidence-Based Clinical Intervention Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is a benign childhood condition that affects many children each year to its easy mode of transmission. As providers, understanding the etiology of the illness, presentation, differential diagnoses, treatment, and management, will be of high importance for all patients. This paper will discuss the medical problem, the pathophysiology of the infection, typical presenting signs and symptoms, three differential…

Ringworms is a skin disease caused by a fungus. Its main form is athlete’s foot. Ringworms are typically shaped in a circle and usually target the scalp and the feet. It causes the patient to lose hair and they start to feel really itchy. All though it is call a ringworm it is not a worm or any type of parasite. It is caused by a type of fungus called dermatophytes. It is microscopic and can grow on any part of the integumentary system organs. Dermatophytes live off dead tissue. The signs of…

He never even felt the insect, but on the following day a small, raised, red, itchy bump appeared on his foot. The next two days brought pain, swelling, and blistering of the skin around his foot. He developed a fever and became tired and weak. His pain intensified until walking became almost unbearable. Six days after the original bite, he headed to the hospital. Tests revealed that he suffered a skin infection called cellulitis, because of the bite. He was treated and discharged the next day.…