Plant pathogens and diseases

vector-borne infectious diseases, a competent vector must also be present to transmit the pathogen to the host. A vector is defined as an animal, insect, or other organism that carries a pathogen and spreads it to another organism. With the environment rapidly changing and conducive weather events shown to increase, regions that were formerly uninhabitable to some pathogens – and their vectors and nonhuman reservoir hosts – may soon become hospitable enough to support them. Infectious disease…

diffusa, is a leaf disease in soybeans, and it also affects other legumes. The disease requires cool air temperatures and low relative humidity, making it uncommon during Midwest summers. Powdery mildew occurs only occasionally in soybeans in the Midwest and Upper Midwest. Epidemics have been reported about every 10 to 15 years. Nonetheless, powdery mildew can cause significant yield loss when it occurs, so it’s important for farmers to watch their fields for signs of powdery mildew disease.…

reusable, and we use it for watering our plants. “While greywater may look “dirty,” it is a safe and even beneficial source of irrigation water in a yard. Keep in mind that if greywater is released into rivers, lakes, or estuaries, its nutrients become pollutants, but to plants, they are valuable fertilizer.” (Greywater Action). Most of the school districts in California including Irvine use greywater to water the grass and garden. It is perfectly legal and the plants love it too. Greywater…

In the course of over sixty years great strides have been made in genetic science: the discovery of the double helix in 1953 and the cracking of the genetic code in 1966. Denise Caruso of the Hybrid Vigor Institute in a 2008 essay stated that synthetic biology ‘bioengineers’ use biobricks “an inventory of parts…” can be used to “assemble and programmed to compel organisms to operate in specific ways” or create “custom chemicals that can later be ‘harvested’ from cells and sold” (1). A very…

bring in the money needed to finance further exploration and conquests. The wealth also helped bring Europe more power than it has ever seen before. Their invasions in the Americas caused a great deal of change though. All the European microbes, plants, colonists, livestock took their toll and left the Americas more like Europe. Before their conquest of the Americas, people in Europe felt inferior than the Muslims, who had much more wealth and power. When they tried to fight, it usually…

author of Fast Food Nation. In 2011, statistics from the CDC supports Schlosser statement by reporting that 48 million Americans get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized and 3, 000 die from foodborne illness yearly; 78 percent of ground beef contained pathogens that were spread primarily by fecal matter (cdc.gov). When the meat industry can sell tainted meat and millions…

Aromatic plants bear essential oils which are fragrant and so are named ‘Aromatic’. These plants retain their fragrant components in specialised cells and tissues of organs even after drying. Oil may be present in external glands as epidermal cells or their modification such as ‘Secretory Hair’ or may be present internally throughout the plant forming Schizogenous formation which on dissolution of surrounding cells forms Schizolysogenous gland which further grow into long canals. Secretion such…

over two-thirds of plants throughout the entire world Think of all the produce you buy and consume on a daily basis. Now, imagine if over half of them became unavailable to you, having practically disappeared from agricultural fields. Fruits like strawberries and apples, vegetables such as cucumbers, peppers, and cabbage, and even seeds such as coffee, cashews, and almonds, would be scarce…

there is no unmistakable refinement between them on account of the zoonotic parasites which can possibly taint both man and creatures, along these lines influencing the strength of both classes. A decent case of a zoonosis is echinoccocosis. The disease in the puppy is created by grown-up Echinococcus granulosus and is typically not exceptionally destructive to the canine. In people, in any case, echinoccocosis is brought on by the metacestode of E. granulosus known as hydatid pimple and this…

immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, this results in herd immunity. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is…