Philip II of France

anyone from now on enter the order, or receive or wear its habit, or presume to behave as a Templar. If anyone acts otherwise, he incurs automatic excommunication.” The Council also addressed the further defense of Holy Land. But as a result of Philip IV’s non-committal intention, the next crusade never took place. As for the pastoral issues, Pope John XXII in October 1317, along with other decrees of Clement V (who died before these decrees were promulgated) issued the Clementines, "Corpus…

northernmost Crusader state, was captured in 1144. This caused King Louis VII of France and King Conrad III of Germany to lead the Second Crusade, which began in 1147. After the Crusaders assembled their armies at Jerusalem, they decided to attack the Syrian stronghold of Damascus with an…

World War I and World War II. This shaped the importance in Great Britain in very many ways. These places are both some of the most significant landmarks in the world, and some people just go there to see these sights. Elizabeth the II and Margareth Thatcher were just two women who made Great Britain who it is today. Both of these women played a huge political role for the United Kingdom which…

the independence they’d yearned for, thus establishing a republic. “The Habsburgs reached the zenith of power before the end of the 16th century: the duchy of Milan, annexed by Charles V in 1535, was assigned by his son, the future Philip II of Spain, in 1540; Philip II, conquered Portugal in 1580; and the Spanish dominions in America were over expanding. There were, however, three faults” as John Graham Royde-Smith said. This paper is meant to explain how the Habsburgs fell through their…

England and France. This conflict originated from an English King attempting to succeed the French throne (History). During this 116 year war, many battles were fought, new kings were crowned, and treaties were signed. The 100 Years’ war left a destructive, war torn aftermath amid the French countryside, but in the end France lay claim to all of its nation’s land. There were two main conflicts that led to the development of…

The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli Shanti Gurung History 101 Professor Montague 20 November, 2015 After disintegrative patterns of fourteenth century, a remarkable recovery of Europe took place that encompassed a revival of arts and letters in the fifteenth century, and a religious renaissance in the sixteenth century known as the Reformation. Machiavelli argues for the centralization of authority around a single figure through his book ‘The Prince’ which had a great impact in the…

Haley Ross Mr. Aguilera Global History 5 19 May 2017 Comparing Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands to Queen Mary I of England Introduction Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands and Queen Mary I of England were very similar for example, they both were never supposed to be queen, however, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands overall was much more liked. They both lead in times of crises for their nation, had unsuccessful marriages, were queen regnants, and struggled bearing an heir to their throne.…

this time Spain was one of the most powerful and wealthy countries in the world, run by King Philip II. On the other hand England was a small country with few allies and many enemies. When Queen Elizabeth I took the throne, she had every intention of returning England to the Church of England rather than Roman Catholicism. During this time religion was at the center of most conflicts. King Philip II disliked Queen Elizabeth I for many reasons, at the forefront of which was her straying from…

great power. Throughout the Middle Age, these popes used their power to wield heavy influence over the running of Europe, whether for better or for worse. Four of the most influential Medieval popes of the Roman Catholic Church were Gregory I, Urban II, Innocent III, and Boniface VIII. Pope Gregory I, or Gregory the Great, wrote several theological studies which strongly influenced the spiritual teaching of the Church. Through his writings and decrees, Gregory I confirmed his predecessor 's,…

The Hundred Years War was a series of battles between England and France in the period of 1337-1453. It’s one of the largest conflicts in medieval history. The War had influenced these two country’s political system, economic development and initiated the rose of nationalism. In this essay, I’m going to focus on why and how did the English finally lose the Hundred Years War. In fact, the English was not always inferior throughout the century. They used to have advantages in different periods…