Oceanic crust

circulation on very young oceanic 2 crust. The Juan de Fuca Ridge is a tectonic spreading center located off the coast of Washing- ton in the United States. The ridge is considered an intermediate spreading ridge as it spreads 5.6-5.7 cm/yr.
Several methods exist to measure the heat flow, some measure the heat flow in-situ by pulsating heat into a tube and then it measures the decay. Others rely on known properties of sediment relations and thermal conductivity. All of these methods require a sediment layer on top of the outcrop as the measuring tools are…

contains mostly iron but in the form of silicate rocks. The mantle can also be divided into two portions, the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The lower mantle is completely solid since the pressure is too excessive for it to melt and flow. The upper mantle is also known as the asthenosphere, which flows as convection currents. Convection occurs in all fluids and is the rising of warm particles and sinking of cool particles. This convection flow of the asthenosphere has a large impact on…

non-traditional formation of the Rocky Mountains is the rock composition of the ranges in this area. The rock composition in these areas is not sedimentary like we would expect to see in the traditional convergent boundrie folding type of orogenic event. But rather, it is composed mostly of basal igneous rock that seems to have inexplicably risen up from deeper portions of the crust (Pendick and Denial, 1997). The second, and most problematic, question as to the formation of the Rocky Mountains…

To explain the continual process, Hutton’s theory added to the existing understanding of how erosion causes the deterioration of land surfaces. He further postulated there was a cyclic process in which material is eroded, carried into the sea, and then is reconsolidated to eventually encounter erosional forces again. This ideology marked a turning point in geological understanding, as it introduced the idea of a gradual process instead of a sudden catastrophic and theological process. The notion…

The crust will be the first destination on our Journey to the Center of the Earth tour. The crust will be our shortest part of the expedition, for it is only 16 kilometers thick -- 8 below the oceans, and 40 below the continents. Make sure to pack a hat and gloves, as well as flip-flops and sunscreen, because the crust’s temperatures range from whatever the temperature is on the surface of the Earth to 870 degrees celsius! The crust is mostly made up of solid granite and basalt (volcanic lava…

researches have been able to map out the temperatures and densities of the Earth’s mantle. Furthermore, the creation of computer modeling has greatly enhanced the understanding the mantle by allowing scientists to create simulations of any part of the mantle that they don’t quite understand, helping them infer what is going on in the Earth’s crust. 2) Explain, with reference to superplumes and subducting tectonic slabs, what caused large regions like Colorado and Australia to first sink and…

room notice seismic activity, indicating an underwater earthquake. A rock that split apart hits the ship. They also determine that they are in a crosscurrent spawned by the earthquake. Luckily, by the underwater crest splitting apart, their job at getting deeper into the Earth’s core has become a whole lot easier----if they can maintain control of their ship. The controllers at the briefing room indicate that the ship is going too fast in the crosscurrent. Brazzleton explains the ship does not…

The two novels, The Music of Dolphins and Out of the Dust, both written by Karen Hesse, demonstration how two young girls – who are going through traumatic times in their lives – use music to express their thoughts and feelings. Mila, from The Music of Dolphins, is torn away from the only family she remembers, her dolphin family, and sent to human civilization to learn proper customs; the drastic difference between her wild life and civilized life is difficult to deal with, however, singing and…

I had swam into the hidden undersea cave that contained my human clothing. Last evening I’d had a vision; I would find my lifemate in the area above the sea caves. I needed to find her as my vision of the woman, was too strong to disregard. She’d been a well-built sturdy young Scot lass with sparkling green eyes and long dark auburn hair which flows to her waist. I had seen her in my dream, dancing at the local Highland Gathering. The young woman of my dream was my destiny. My name’s…

Bora Bora is a paradise in French Polynesia, it is one of the 10 most beautiful islands in the world. I have never been to this island, but I have a friend who when there more than a year ago and what she told me is a spectacular place, that is the reason why I consider it as a paradise. This island is formed by an extinct volcano shaped like a castle where its valleys bloom hibiscus while the palm trees cover it, the perfect white sand beaches give way to the turquoise waters that are crystal…