Crust

The crust will be the first destination on our Journey to the Center of the Earth tour. The crust will be our shortest part of the expedition, for it is only 16 kilometers thick -- 8 below the oceans, and 40 below the continents. Make sure to pack a hat and gloves, as well as flip-flops and sunscreen, because the crust’s temperatures range from whatever the temperature is on the surface of the Earth to 870 degrees celsius! The crust is mostly made up of solid granite and basalt (volcanic lava rock), so be on the lookout for dark, black stone (basalt) or sparkly, shiny rocks of many different colors (granite). Because the crust is the top layer, you will not experience a lot of pressure while in it. We will not be staying in the crust overnight -- we will reach the next stop of our tour before nightfall -- but there are a variety of places you can visit on your way. See underwater volcanoes erupt at The Bottom of the Ocean; collect samples of hardened lava at the many rest stops along the way, and buy air conditioners, fans, cold drinks, and anything else you might need to keep you cool and refreshed at Crust Your Worries Away.…

contains mostly iron but in the form of silicate rocks. The mantle can also be divided into two portions, the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The lower mantle is completely solid since the pressure is too excessive for it to melt and flow. The upper mantle is also known as the asthenosphere, which flows as convection currents. Convection occurs in all fluids and is the rising of warm particles and sinking of cool particles. This convection flow of the asthenosphere has a large impact on…

non-traditional formation of the Rocky Mountains is the rock composition of the ranges in this area. The rock composition in these areas is not sedimentary like we would expect to see in the traditional convergent boundrie folding type of orogenic event. But rather, it is composed mostly of basal igneous rock that seems to have inexplicably risen up from deeper portions of the crust (Pendick and Denial, 1997). The second, and most problematic, question as to the formation of the Rocky Mountains…

researches have been able to map out the temperatures and densities of the Earth’s mantle. Furthermore, the creation of computer modeling has greatly enhanced the understanding the mantle by allowing scientists to create simulations of any part of the mantle that they don’t quite understand, helping them infer what is going on in the Earth’s crust. 2) Explain, with reference to superplumes and subducting tectonic slabs, what caused large regions like Colorado and Australia to first sink and…

room notice seismic activity, indicating an underwater earthquake. A rock that split apart hits the ship. They also determine that they are in a crosscurrent spawned by the earthquake. Luckily, by the underwater crest splitting apart, their job at getting deeper into the Earth’s core has become a whole lot easier----if they can maintain control of their ship. The controllers at the briefing room indicate that the ship is going too fast in the crosscurrent. Brazzleton explains the ship does not…

To explain the continual process, Hutton’s theory added to the existing understanding of how erosion causes the deterioration of land surfaces. He further postulated there was a cyclic process in which material is eroded, carried into the sea, and then is reconsolidated to eventually encounter erosional forces again. This ideology marked a turning point in geological understanding, as it introduced the idea of a gradual process instead of a sudden catastrophic and theological process. The notion…

The Earth's crust is constantly moving in all directions. The movement of the crust is called plate tectonics. Plate tectonics hasn't been developed very long, only about fifty years. It was founded by geophysicists in the 1960's. The continents fit together in one humongous piece. Which makes it one enormous continent. Wegener found out that there were numerous continents that looked comparable. He thought once in the past that parts of Africa and South America might have been…

on very young oceanic 2 crust. The Juan de Fuca Ridge is a tectonic spreading center located off the coast of Washing- ton in the United States. The ridge is considered an intermediate spreading ridge as it spreads 5.6-5.7 cm/yr.
Several methods exist to measure the heat flow, some measure the heat flow in-situ by pulsating heat into a tube and then it measures the decay. Others rely on known properties of sediment relations and thermal conductivity. All of these methods require a sediment…

After reading the poem Promises Like Pie-Crust multiple times out loud I had no idea where to look first. I decided that I would do some background research on the author Christina Georgina Rossetti, and I came across that her father was a poet and her brother also became a poet. More importantly I found that she wrote heavily about religion so I decided to look at her poem through a religious lens first. I then proceeded to write the poem down and analyzed everything, first came the tittle I…

In Rossetti’s poem, “Promises Like Pie-Crust," she excavates the dormant hesitation that is brought about by a naive past relationship. This hesitation is verbalized through the use of paradox: “Promise me no promises, So I will not promise you.” This plea is the evidence of a previous betrayal of trust, prompting the resistance of anything involving a commitment. The line, “Keep we both our liberties” refers to the abstinence from promises and depicts how they are viewed as constricting and…