Crystal field theory

Objective The purpose of the experiment is to synthesize multiple cobalt complexes with various ligands and explain the ligand field transitions of these complexes using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The experiment provides insight into specific colors of certain molecular species and respective bonding information. Introduction Transition elements are defined by the IUPAC as atoms that have an incomplete d-subshell, most commonly referring to the d-block.1 When transition metals are not bonded to any other molecule, the d-orbitals are degenerate.2 However, when the metal starts bonding with other ligands, effects on the electrons attached to the metal are induced. Specifically, the d-orbitals split, obtain different energy…

Albert Einstein introduced his theory of General Relativity in 1915 (New Site). This theory includes a field equation for gravity, which consists of three terms: two tensors that represent space-time and the energy-momentum tensor. The energy momentum tensor represents the matter and energy in the universe which bends space-time to produce gravity (lecture 1). His equation is seen in Figure 1. Figure 1 On the right side of the equation is the matter and energy tensor and, on the left, are…

1. Introduction Language serves more purposes than just to communicate ideas from person to person. Language can be both seen and heard. Language can be written or spoken. Speech is described by Crystal (2005, p. 1) to be phonic. Writing is graphic. Crystal (2005, p. 1) speaks of the elements of language as having a physical bond. One cannot begin to write if they are not first familiar with oral language (Gee & Hayes, 2011, p. 57). Likewise, one cannot understand language if one cannot…

Germ Theory -For most people, Pasteur is remembered for his studies on pasteurization, a word dubbed after him, but before he could demonstrate pasteurization, he needed an extra tool.The germ theory of diseases. For most of the medieval times, the prevalent theory regarding illnesses was the miasma theory. The miasma theory claims that diseases such as cholera, chlamydia or the plague were caused by a miasma – a noxious bad air. In the 1800s, people started questioning that, and some scientists…

continuum theory (macro scale) of plasticity or using the theory of crystal plasticity (meso scale) and a separate plastic instability criterion is employed to predict the limiting strains. The formability and mechanical properties can be improved by regulating the texture during thermo-mechanical processing of a sheet metal and this can be achieved by having an efficient theoretical model that can illustrate the evolution of texture for multiaxial deformation paths. It is widely recognized that…

Very Good paper. What a catalyst of change you experience because of your dominant strategic decision. In the field that you work in, I know from experience that there are many imperative and crucial decisions that must be made every day and night. Some decisions are simultaneous especially when it involve patient's treatment and medical staff analytical guide or tool for making a decision in the situation you were a part that the authors Thomas & Maurice (2010), call game theory. I understand…

the 1800s. Some believe in different theories as to why there have been so many disappearances such as hexagonal clouds acting as air bombs, a strange ocean floor, and erratic weather conditions but, nothing proves to be the answer to these peculiar occurrences. The mystery of hundreds of losses at sea takes place in the Bermuda Triangle. Between the 1800s and the 1970s, various ships got lost at sea including, the USS Cyclops, the Marine Sulphur Queen, the Sylvia L. Ossa, and the Carroll A.…

are 55 years and over are widowed. 2. In 2014, 35% of elderly women experienced widowhood. 3. In 2014, older women experienced spousal death more than older men. 2. Theoretical information – locate two sources of information which include theories or etiology related to the selected practice based issue. This might include book chapters, peer-reviewed theory-driven articles focused on theoretical underpinnings, and empirical articles with the stated purpose of further developing theoretical…

Though aluminum is a very abundant element, research shows that aluminum has no beneficial role to the body and should be avoided. Some theories state that the aluminum compounds found in antiperspirants can be the cause of breast cancer, Alzheimer’s, kidney disease, and dementia (Robertson). It is believed that if an antiperspirant containing aluminum is used while having a cut under your arm (possibly due to shaving), breast cancer…

universe. Amidst all the major breakthroughs during the Scientific Revolution, one theory in particular would redefine the way scholars would forever view the universe. This theory put forth by a polish cleric, Nicolaus Copernicus, became known as the Copernican Model. The Copernican Hypothesis as it was known was first published by Nicolaus Copernicus in his work On the Revolutions…