Objective The purpose of the experiment is to synthesize multiple cobalt complexes with various ligands and explain the ligand field transitions of these complexes using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The experiment provides insight into specific colors of certain molecular species and respective bonding information. Introduction Transition elements are defined by the IUPAC as atoms that have an incomplete d-subshell, most commonly referring to the d-block.1 When transition metals are not bonded to any other molecule, the d-orbitals are degenerate.2 However, when the metal starts bonding with other ligands, effects on the electrons attached to the metal are induced. Specifically, the d-orbitals split, obtain different energy…
3.4. Friction Characteristics of the NCD, MCD and boron doped NCD Coatings against Alumina Balls The friction coefficient curves of NCD, MCD and boron-doped diamond films sliding with Al2O3 balls are shown in figure 4, figure 5 and figure 6, respectively, for a sliding speed of 8 m/s and a load of 1N, 5N and 10N, respectively. Figure 4 (a), figure 5 (a) and figure 6 (a) show the friction coefficient of NCD, MCD and BDNCD at 1 N, respectively. Figure 4 (b), figure 5 (b) and figure 6 (b) show…
The crystal size is also affected by the rate of cooling and larger crystals were shown to be formed when fat was cooled at a slower cooling rate83. However the samples were not subjected to changes in the rate of cooling in this study. At higher temperatures (or lower supercooling conditions) due to decrease in the driving force, less crystals are formed although the crystals are larger in size as compared to those formed at lower temperatures83. At lower temperatures, due to the higher driving…
TITLE: QUALITATIVE PHASE IDENTIFICATION & CRYSTAL STRUSTURE ANALYSIS OF ISONICOTINAMIDE POLYMORPHS. INTRODUCTION The science of crystallography is important in stability studies and determination of solid state molecule or particles. Isonicotinamide (pyridine -4- carboxamide) is the amide form of isonicotinic acid which exists as different polymorphs. Isonicotinamide finds extensive use in the pharmaceutical industry because of its good anti-tubercular, anti-bacterial, anti-pyretic and…
She rises from her chair and grabs a spherical green object from a nearby shelf. She sets it on the table with a thump. “Is that a crystal ball?” Will asks. The sound of his voice sends my heart into a downward spiral. Heat rises up my spine. Whatever is in the air in this place, it’s making my emotions go haywire. The crystal ball suddenly sparks into a cloud of green, producing sparkles within it. The woman laughs at the sight. “So much attraction! I’ve never witnessed the crystals igniting so…
create a model based off the crystal structure of the endonuclease domain of Bacillus subtilis MutL. This structure, in particular, exposes the presence of zinc in the binding site which is important for the MMR function of BsMutL in vivo. From there, they proposed a model describing the association of MutS and DNA polymerase III, β clamp with MutL, and nicking of a synthesized DNA strand. The importance of MutL is in its united effort with MutS to recognize mismatches and interactions of the β…
Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The general theory behind this experiment was to study the synthesis of a drug from organic materials. During the experiment, esterification had occurred between reactants salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Then, phosphoric acid would catalyze the reaction and water would be added to decompose the remaining acetic anhydride. Through the process of filtration, aspirin crystals were…
The main purpose of this experiment is to purify an impure solid by the technique of recrystallization. This technique involves several steps, selecting an ideal solvent, dissolving the compound in a minimum amount of boiling hot solvent, filtering insoluble impurities while the solution is hot; crystallizing the purified compound, and isolate the pure compound by vacuum filtration . The unknown used in the experiment was #4, which were white crystals. In order to determine the ideal solvent…
Quartz has a trigonal lattice structure with space group P3121 (group no. 152). At any temperature below 980K, Iron phosphate exists as α-FePO4, which has a trigonal lattice structure with space group P3121 (group no. 152) where iron, phosphate and oxygen occupy Wyckoff position 3a, 3b and 6c respectively. As the temperature rises up to and above 980K, α-FePO4 exhibits α-β transition and becomes β-FePO4 that shows a distinct lattice and space symmetry from α-FePO4. β-FePO4 has hexagonal lattice…
Freezing is an essential preservation method in the food industry. When fresh fruits and vegetables are harvested the enzymes in them begin to change the fruit. They can lose color, nutrients, and their desired taste if not preserved. Along with freezing there are other strategies used to inactivate these enzymes. Vegetables are blanched before freezing and fruit can be dipped in a sugar syrup before freezing to keep them at their best. One of the main problems faced with freezing is a change in…