Neural tube defect

A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells. “The essential characteristics of [these] cells are their ability for self-renewal and the ability to form one or more specialised cell types over time” (Carvalho and Ramalho-Santos 596). In other words, they serve as an internal repair system. When a stem cell divides, each new cell can either remain a stem cell or any other type of cell with a normal yet more specialized and…

time. For example, if the teratogen has the potential to impair the development in the neural tube, it must take place in the sensitive period of the first 4.5 weeks of pregnancy. Furthermore, this can be illustrated by examining women who contract Rubella, a teratogen, at different periods of their pregnancy. Exposure to Rubella in the first 11 weeks of pregnancy can be catastrophic in that it may cause birth defects such as vision and hearing loss in the child. However, exposure later in the…

Prenatal genetic testing has not been around for a long time. Prenatal diagnosis was first used in the 1930s in the form of amniocentesis. Amniocentesis is a test that entails a large needle being inserted into the abdomen of a pregnant woman and withdrawing a small amount of amniotic fluid. This sample is examined for genetic markers that would point towards a certain genetic disorder or disease, in the 1930s it would have been able to detect erythroblastosis fetalis, which is a blood…

goiter and the 1940s implementation of the additions of vitamin D to milk to prevent rickets and niacin to flour to prevent pellagra. A more recent example is the establishment of the addition of folate to bread and breakfast cereals to prevent neural tube defects in the offspring of women of childbearing age. Removal of anti-nutrients to improve nutritional value is accomplished using targeted process techniques. Anti- nutrients are secondary compounds that prevent their counterparts from being…

prenatal care is essential to the health of the baby. On average, the cost of prenatal care is around $2,000 over the course of the pregnancy. Vitamins are one of the most important thing to buy, since they are needed to prevent birth defects in the baby’s neural tubes. Childbirth classes are also an added expense. These cost an additional 50 to 200 dollars for a mother before childbirth. However, despite…

Introduction Psychology is a fluid and ever-changing discipline; therefore, the theories and mechanics need to adapt to accommodate new information. The theories of Freud, Vygotsky, and Bronfenbrenner greatly affected the development of psychology and the understanding of human interaction with the world around them. These theories tie into people’s perceptions on child development. Freud Sigmund Freud was an Austrian physician who treated patients with mental illnesses. Freud would listen…

The Fatal Choice The aim of this paper is to discuss the ethical decision to continue or terminate a pregnancy after the diagnosis of a fatal fetal condition. Through the use of previous articles and discussions on this topic, both views will be explored with facts. The decision to terminate or continue a pregnancy falls on the parents, and there are many factors that go into making this decision. The term fatal fetal condition, or lethal malformation has many definitions, and finding just one…

Prenatal Genetic Testing: A Technology of Normalization Prenatal genetic testing is a technology made available to more accurately determine whether or not a child could have a birth ‘defect’. The most common birth defects tested for are Down syndrome, Trisomy 18, or an open neural tube defect (Government of Canada, 2013). This paper asserts first that prenatal genetic testing is a technology of normalization, which labels disability as abnormal and a feared outcome, and second that…

YOU ASK, pharmacist ANSWER Be Smart Because Nutrition? Question: pharmacist respectable. Assalamualaikum. I have a toddler. Is it true that there are foods that can make a child smarter? Amran tanah garam Solok. Answer: Mr. Amran, in Solok. To able to function properly all parts of organs or organ requires nutrients. Nerve consists of millions of nerve cells, too. They require nutrients in order to work properly. In addition, all cells in the body, including nerve cells need oxygen for the…

Prenatal Teaching Plan Introduction Pregnancy and birth are two unique experiences for each woman. “Adolescent pregnancy with early prenatal supervision is considered less physically harmful to both mother and child” (Potter & Perry, 2014, p. 358). Although there may be physical and psychosocial changes during pregnancy such as breastfeeding. Unexpected pregnancy can be life changing to one 's life especially for young adults. Body image changes during pregnancy such as breast size increases,…