Neuroendocrinology

Overview A pituitary adenoma is a benign growth that occurs in the pituitary gland. Sometimes when the pituitary gland becomes covered with tumor-like growths it begins to secrete an excess of hormones. Though mostly benign, these tumors can still cause problems throughout the body. Definition & Facts The pituitary gland is located below the brain and above the nasal passages. This gland belongs to a system known as the endocrine system that includes the pancreatic gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland and a set of other glands and organs. This is the central part of the endocrine system that activates other glands throughout the body. The occurrence of a person having an active PA is unlikely. As of 2014, there was a mere ten-thousand cases of pituitary adenoma diagnosed per year; however, as much as one in four people may have these adenomas without any signs or symptoms. There are multiple types of PA, they are - Microadenoma - Macroadenoma - Functional - Nonfunctional Microadenoma and macroadenoma both refer to the sizing of the tumor – less than and greater than one centimeter in size respectively. Functional and nonfunctional adenomas refer to the status of hormone secretion – whether it is active or not. Symptoms and Complaints Sometimes as the gland begins to become overridden with tumors, it activates different glands throughout the body. A few hormones that become secreted due to a PA are - Growth - Prolactin - Thyroid-stimulating - Adrenocorticotropin -…

stratosphere (MacMillan, 2016). This process results in the earth’s surface warming. Such a process can have various effects including rising sea levels, increased frequency and intensity of storms, and extreme weather and temperature differences across the globe (MacMillan 2016). Though global warming has been acknowledged by members of the scientific community across the globe, the issue is viewed differently and influenced by many psychological processes by the individual. Neuroscience…

Diseases of the nervous system can affect the CNS, PNS, or both. Some well known central nervous system diseases are Central Nervous System Injuries Peripheral Nervous System Injuries Head Trauma Brain Injury Brain Death Stroke Spinal Cord Injury Dementia Seizures Epilepsy Coma Attention Deficit Disorder Encephalitis Behavioral Disorders Headaches Multiple sclerosis Brachial plexus injury Foot drop injury Spinal accessory nerve injury Traumatic nerve injury Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Meralgia…

What if you found out you were feeding your family an endocrine disrupting substance that causes cancer? You would immediately throw it out and never buy it again. It would be a little hard to even figure that out if the labels are fibbed to hide ingredients from the buyer. Now what if you were spraying detergents or even putting on face products that had the same thing in both of them. It’s a little odd that detergents, what we clean our bathroom with and beauty products, what we put on our…

attachment and affiliative behaviors in a human social relationship (Meyer-Lindenberg, Domes, Kirsch, & Heinrich, 2011; Babygirija et al., 2012). This is why some people call this hormone the “love hormone.” This hormone is produced in the base of the brain, next to the optic chiasm, specifically in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. It is stored in the posterior pituitary gland, just below the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, attached to the hypothalamus by…

alongside the “Yes We Can” slogan; it was a slogan that emphasized a change that was deemed to be believed in; this is amongst the various factors that made the election a moving one; and which made it the most remembered election ever happened in the Land of America. Bibliographies Patterson, M. M., E. Pahlke, and R. S. Bigler. 2013. "Witnesses to History: Children's Views of Race and the 2008 United States Presidential Election". ANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES AND PUBLIC…

From the article I’ve looked through so far there seems to be no significant amount of evidence leading proving which gender has great dependency problems. According to Frontiers in neuroendocrinology females take lower doses of licit and illicit drugs based on different genes that allows them to feel the substance more at a lower dose than a male. Females are at greater risk of relapse following abstinence though. In my opinion I definitely agree with the fact woman do have lower tolerance to…

The article, ‘The Bitter Truth About Sugar’ written by Dr. Robert H. Lustig in Dear Doctor gives awareness to people that the avalanche of sugar in the food supply causes them to get fatter and sicker. Dr Robert H. Lustig received his medical degree from Cornell University Medical College in 1980. After three years, he completed his pediatric residency at St. Louis Children’s Hospital in 1983, and his clinical fellowship at the University of California, San Francisco in 1984. He spent six years…

The idea that we could draw connections between the conduct of mice and humans escaped me; I had forgotten that humans were, in fact, animals. Sapolsky does his best to drive this point home as he humorously, yet intellectually, illustrates the idea that humans and animals are often more similar than we’d like to admit, and how by studying their behavior, we might better understand our own. Just who exactly is this man to be shattering my worldview? Before giving Sapolsky’s assertions any kind…

Question #1 Diaz, Shanna., Borzoo, Farhang., (2009) Sex Differences in the Cannabinoid Modulation of Appetite, Body Temperature, and Neurotransmission at POMC Synapses. Neuroendocrinology, 89, 424-440 DOI: 10.1159/000191646. In this study conducted by Shanna Diaz et al., researchers were interested in determining whether sex differences exist for the cannabinoid modulation of appetite, body temperature, and neurotransmission at POMC synapses. The drugs that were used in this experiment were a…