Molecular beam epitaxy

Introduction Chlorophyll absorb light energy through photosynthesis. However, light can have different frequencies, which are visible through color. This experiment seeks to measure the effects on the different light frequencies, and therefore different light colors, on the rate of photosynthesis. Also, objects appear to be the color of whatever light they do not absorb. This occurs because light frequencies which are not absorbed bounce back, creating the color appearance of an object.…

DNA Extraction A three millimeter square piece sample of unknown thawed tissue was selected using sterilized equipment. The A17 sample was placed in a steril in a 1.5mL Eppendorf tube. The cell membrane of the unknown meat was then broken down and the DNA was extracted by using the animal tissue extraction kit, Qiagen #69506. The final Eppendorf tube contained the DNA from A17 and was stored at -20 oC until gel electrophoresis. Gel Electrophoresis To determine the success of DNA extraction and…

The effect of the BsrG1 restriction enzyme on Wild Type and Mutation 1 of E. coli DNA Introduction: What a lac operon is involved in the lactose metabolism of E. coli and it can only work when there is no glucose present to interfere with the lactose metabolism. (Khan Academy) E. coli chooses prefers glucose and other "better" sugars, so if any are present other than lactose the lac operon will not be expressed in the plasmid. (Khan Academy) A plasmid is an "independent, circular,…

Material and Methods Animal Care Female Mus musculus, Swiss mice, were used in this experiment and purchased from Hilltop Lab Animals, Inc. in Reading PA. The mice varied in size, weighing approximately 12-40g. The mice were fed Purina Rodent Chow for Mice and given water ad libitum. The mice were acclimatized to 22°C, with an even photoperiod of 12 hours of light to 12 hours of dark, respectively. The mice were fasted 12 hours before the experiment. Static Respirometry One at a time, the mice…

The purpose of the experiment was to measure the amount of diffusion that has occurred over three minutes and examine the effect of the surface area to volume ratio using of agar cubes which were infused with phenolphthalein as an indicator that the acid had diffused. Diffusion is a significant process by which substances such as nutrients, water, oxygen, and cellular wasted are transported between living cells and their environment. The four different sized agar cubes (0.5cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm)…

The iodine lab demonstrated the concept of diffusion, the movement of molecules move from a higher concentration to a low concentration through a semipermeable membrane. In the experiment, we observed a beaker filled with distilled water and Lugol’s iodine solution enter a bag filled with glucose and starch solution through the semipermeable membrane provided by the dialysis tubing. While the beaker remained the same color throughout, the solutions in the bag changed from a clear color to a…

CONCLUSION An experiment was run to determine how a cell’s surface area to volume ratio affects its rate of diffusion. The proposed hypothesis was if a big surface area to volume ratio is something very desired by cells that need efficient and fast diffusion for their functioning (Oxygen, water, and waste), then the cube with the largest Surface area will have the most molecules diffused into the agar cube because the more surface area a cube have, the more molecules the agar cube is getting…

In order for the human body to be in equilibrium we need diffusion and osmosis to regulate the movement of substances. This not only occurs in plants and animals but in humans too. Diffusion is a form of passive transport since it does not require energy, and since osmosis is a specific type of this dispersion it does not require cellular energy as well. Yet it still needs kinetic energy. As small as these two mechanisms are they occur in our body on a daily basis. Diffusion is an extended way…

Aileen San BIO 210L – Section 4 A Prokaryotic System for Transformation, Expression, and Purification of Eukaryotic Proteins Introduction: The bacteria E.coli is found in many places such as in animal intestines and the environment. These bacteria have a simple structure and are quick to reproduce (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Because of this, scientists know a lot about E. coli. In this experiment, the E. coli will be exposed to a pGLO plasmid; each plasmid has an…

Finally, Ingrid Johanson and Martin Teicher (1980) researched classical conditioning in 3-day old rat pups. 50 pups that were separated from their mothers for 24 hours before the experiment (i.e. deprived pups) were divided into five groups of ten. Pups in the conditioning group went through one trial per minute for 10 minutes. Before conditioning, milk infused into the pup’s mouths was the UCS, their mouths reflexively swallowing in response to the milk was the UR, and the odor of cedar (an…