Knee replacement

Spondylolysis is defined as a structural defect that involves the breaking down of the vertebra (Hockenberry & Wilson, 2015). Symptoms of this condition include lower back and lower limb pain. In fact, spondylolysis is one of the common causes of back pain in adolescents, particularly young athletes. This injury most often occurs on children and adolescents who are involved in sports that place repeated stress on the lower back. Furthermore, in some cases spondylolysis can lead to…

The Trendelenburg position involves placing the patient head down and elevating the feet (Colbert, Ankney, & Lee, 2016). It is named after German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg, who created the position to improve surgical exposure of the pelvic organs during surgery ("What Is Trendelenburg Position And Reverse Trendelenburg Position?" n.d.). Trendelenburg position it is used to complete surgeries for patients with abdominal hernias. Lithotomy position requires the patient to lie on his back,…

account for much of the lumbar strain in male dancers. (Ramkumar, 2016) Other common injuries include knee injuries, often caused by an overload on the hamstrings, such as when landing from a jump in full plantarflexion. (Bowerman, 2015) In addition, knee injury is often linked to limited hip extension leading to excess tibial torsion when the dancer attempts to force turnout from the knee or ankle. Exaggerated lumbar lordosis (and therefore increased risk for lumbar strain or low back pain)…

The two main neck muscles are the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius, and are responsible for the gross motor movement in the muscular system of the head, neck and shoulders. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a paired muscle, located at the front and on each side of the neck. It is one of the largest and most superficial cervical muscles. The primary actions of the muscle are rotation of the head to the opposite side and flexion of the neck. The trapezius is one of the biggest shoulder and…

Rhizotomy procedures are minimally invasive treatments used to treat facet joint pain. Facet joints are where the bones of the spine (vertebrae) meet and they allow your back to be flexible and enable you to bend and twist. Nerves exit the spinal cord through the facet joints to serve the rest of the body. When injury or age causes the cartilage of facet joints to deteriorate, the nerves can become compressed and the vertebrae can start to grind on one another. This causes pain. A rhizotomy…

Osteoarthritis Primary OA of the elbow is a relatively rare condition that comprises only 1% to 2% of patients with elbow arthritis.8 Primary OA of the elbow is a disease that is almost exclusive to males, and has a strong association with strenuous use of the arm in activities ranging from weight lifting to operating heavy machinery. In 1936, Rostock9 reported a nearly 33% incidence of primary OA in a large population of coal miners. Similarly, Stanley10 and Sakakibara and coworkers11 also…

The sun is out, which makes it a perfect day for your child to combine both fun and exercise by playing a game of soccer. Whether they are part of an organised team, or just having some casual fun at the park, hearing them complain about foot pain is enough to make your mum alertness antennae go up. Achilles tendonitis is one problem that is common in the feet of active children, so what do you need to know about this issue? What Is Achilles Tendonitis? If you could see inside your child's…

Aforementioned, hip extensors strength is affected as the result of the above knee amputation, however, iliopsoas remains intact and it is the main hip flexors. This explains the presentation of limited hip extension range and hip flexors tightness at amputated side (Gottschalk, 1999). The reduction in iliopsoas muscle length will…

Discussion: Bridges are affected by both internal and external forces. Internal forces occur within the bridge, through tension, compression, bending, etc. External forces are applied to the outside of the bridge, and can be static or dynamic. The static load of the bridge is the bridge itself, and the weight of its members and components. This is created by the force of gravity pulling on the members of the bridge. The dynamic load moves and changes, such as traffic, people, wind. It is created…

carpi Muscles-Allows the wrist to flex and snatch, it is a shaft muscle shape with a long ligament. Transversus abdominis-its umbrella molded and is for stance arrangement and is situated in the stomach. Rectus femoris-Is the muscle that enables the knee to augment. It is additionally bi-pennate (Martini, 2015). Question 2 Hub muscles can be partitioned into four gatherings in light of their areas and capacities. The gatherings are muscles of the head and neck, muscles of the vertebral section,…