Intelligentsia

after World War II, the war has not disappeared, the atmosphere of terror of the Cold War was to followed. While the US against with the Soviet Union in the international community. From the late 1940s to the early 1950s, setting off a "McCarthyism" as the representative of the anti-communist, xenophobic movement, involving all levels of American politics, education and cultural fields, its impact is still visible. With the formation of the Cold War, Sino-US relations with different ideological…

Like the United States, Brazil has and still suffers from the racial based social class hierarchy system. In Brazil, the influx of free foreign labor or immigration, began in the 19th century. With the coming of African and other non-European people, the issue of race started to become apparent. Brazil considers itself to be one of the few democracies that is not “racist,” but studies focusing on the relations among the races in Brazil shows otherwise. In 1950, the UNESCO (United Nations…

in some ways hostile to all the ideas of political change. Rather, it became an organized group that moved slowly in the direction of the liberation movement. The educated class acted as the most unspoken and, apparently, the most active. The intelligentsia did not believe in reforms of industrialists. In their view, Russia imperatively needed political reforms. In January of 1905 almost every institution of higher learning went on strike. As a precautionary measures the officials closed those…

“an image of unity in uniqueness (‘one people, one history, one land’) framed in a rhetoric of inclusiveness (‘fellow Australians’) and yet inevitably partial (some Australians will appear more ‘Australian’ than others)” (Carter 2006, p. 9). The intelligentsia (writers, artists, historians, journalists) create a sense of a shared identity or unity through national images such as public symbols, rituals, stories, books, advertisements, movies, and music. For example, the Australian flag is very…

its weaknesses. Still, Spinoza is one of the chief architects of modernity: the militantly secularist liberalism which has now displaced the milder and theologically-based Lockean brand of liberalism in the thinking of the contemporary Western intelligentsia has its roots in Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise. And his critique of final causality evinces some of the same fallacies and errors to be found in other early modern writers. So it’s worthwhile giving his critique a brief look.…

thus, initiated. Poland fell soon, but the Russians attacked. The Gestapo Head, thereafter, ordered for rounding up of the Jews and put into confinement, to be deported to further East. It is also said that the Germans killed over 65,000 Polish intelligentsia, noblemen, clergy, and teachers, by the end of 1939 to destroy the identity of Poland. But the final blow came in 1941 when Kiev became the site of one of the worst Nazi mass murders of the Holocaust. About 34,000 Jews were rounded up and…

They both had prior experience of imitation. Japan had copied from China and Russia from Byzantium and the Mongols. They knew that learning from the West could be profitable and wouldn’t destroy their native cultures. In Japan, the Emperor Meiji sent out samurai to parts of the West to pick up ideas. Western style clothing such as ties, pants, and loafers replaced traditional samurai outfitting. Western hygiene including toothbrushes, vaccines and patent medicines were introduced and…

were poor. They were in poverty, so they were seen less of a person by white people. Du Bois felt the blacks should work together instead of trying to escape. He stated that “any planning for the benefit of American Negroes on that part a Negro intelligentsia is going to involve organized and deliberate self-segregation.” Basically, he is saying that African Americans should be focused on economy, instead of trying to elevate to establish integration. He thought working in agriculture was a…

As a result, the black intelligentsia assimilates and copies much which is not his. He cannot climb the racially triggered mountain and be himself. Hughes comprehends that being not self-confident with their color and dreaming to become someone else especially those who are gifted…

When people begin to interpret the illusions of reality in the same way, political control has been achieved. ‘The Allegory of the Cave’ by Plato shows a political structure designed to control how reality is perceived. Control is established by a hierarchy. The classes are determined by the people’s ability to clothe illusions as truth, as opposed to finding truth and using it to dismiss falsehood. Plato argues that the enlightened, or higher men, should be the custodians of rulership, and that…