Hans Morgenthau

Machiavelli, Hans Morgenthau, and other important classical realists. The main idea that sets classical realism apart from the other types of realism is the idea that states look to maximize their power due to human nature. As Hans Morgenthau said, "politics is governed by objective laws that have their roots in human nature." (Politics among nations, page unknown). Human nature is flawed therefore when survival is the main goal of a state, conflict is inevitable because a state has no way of predicting the true intentions of another state. This is why it is necessary for a state to expand their power, in order to have enough power to defend themselves in the anarchic international system. Many of these ideas came from Thucydides’ writing about realism in the international system. In many of his texts he writes about how a state’s survival depends largely on their material capability and alliances. More specifically if a state is internally solid with a strong communal identity, this will then lead to domestic stability and more importantly a strong foundation in the international system. However, being a strong state is not enough to succeed in the international world, alliances are important too. Though, Thucydides warns us that alliances can be a…

Ever since the Spanish settlement in the 16th century, the country has worked as a service economy. In 1821, Panama broke out from Spain and joined Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, calling themselves the Republic of Gran Colombia. When it dissolved in 1830, Panama remained part of Colombia, and in 1903 along with U.S support it became separated from Colombia. The United States and Panama signed a treaty that allowed the construction of a canal, and that also gave sovereignty to the U.S over a…

with examples on how states collaborate through international monetary negotiations relating to the IMF, in negotiations relating to the Law of the Sea, and US-Canada relations (Keohane & Nye, 1977). It states, that increasingly major corporations or working government bureaucracies, working apart from the intuitions of the State Department in the US reach out to their counterparts across national boundaries (Keohane & Nye, 1977). The book tries to focus on areas where the realist theory lacked…

The main themes of Waltz’s article are democracy, interdependence, and institutions, which is the foundation that aids the idealists' stands for an international system of nations, and subsequently, in their view, an idyllic global system of governance. With democracy, Waltz poses that democracy does oppose each other, and then again shows that they ultimately do. He provides example like the World War I, and the US against Latin American and the democratically elected governments in the…

Han Fei Tzu: Legalism, is an ancient Chinese philosophy concerned with the art of rulership and the stability of the state. Along with hundreds of other philosophical schools, legalism emerged during the Warring States Period (453-422 BC), a time of intense political and intellectual turmoil. Unlike other schools of thought, legalism defined the strength of the state, through a system of punishments and rewards, propagated by common laws. Neither concerning itself with Confucian idealization of…

Introduction The United States (The US) got its independence from Britain in the year 1776. The treaty that made it a nation is the Treaty of Paris that was signed in 1783 (Yang 2012). Before the 19th Century, only 13 states were members of the US. However, during the 19th and 20th Centuries, 37 more states became members of the union. The country expanded through North America, acquiring more land than before and more possessions than it originally had. There are two main traumatic experiences…

In these few decades, China’s economic has growth efficiently and the country is developing rapidly. However, in the 19th century and early 20th century , many Chinese were living under privation whether in cities or rural areas. As a result, many Chinese had the “American dream”: immigrating to the United States to get away from hardship and anticipate for life improvement. Indeed, their main goal was to “gold digging” meaning to earn money for better survival and able to contribute even a…

developing trade, creating new inventions, and leaving a legacy behind collapsed. How could such a prosperous empire fall? The western Roman empire and the Han dynasty both collapsed during the classical era for similar and contrasting reasons. The fall of both empires occurred due to internal pressures like epidemic diseases, economic and social issues while external problems like invasions and nomads taking place at the same time. After both empires collapsed, the regions faced change in their…

This study will define the underlying philosophical principles of Confucianism as a state sanctioned philosophy under the rule of Emperor Han Wudi of the Han Dynasty. The rise of Confucian ideology in the Han Dynasty is founded on the efforts of Emperor Wudi as a philosophical policy of the state. Confucius sought to educate individuals for the purpose of ethical governance and social responsibility, which Emperor Wudi appropriated as a state system of education for government officials. This…

America is a nation of immigrants, no one doubts that. However, as a child of first generation immigrants, I did not live in a tight-knit immigrant community, and my parents did not bring many elements of their home culture into the house. I grew up listening to American music, learning American history, and my friends were predominantly non-Asian. As a result, I never understood much about my parents’ background, and Taiwanese culture. Sensing my curiosity about my background (perhaps from the…