Endocrine system

Addison’s disease is also known as Primary adrenal insufficiency. It is a long-term endocrine disorder happens in the adrenal glands. There are two adrenal glands, they are located on the top of each kidney. The adrenal gland has 2 part: the inner part is the medulla, the outer part is the cortex. The medulla secrets the catecholamines and cortex secret aldosteron, cortisol and androgen. Aldosteron regulate the potassium and sodium level by increasing sodium and water reabsorption in the…

permeability increases. Water molecules move more rapidly from the tubular fluid into the cells. ADH regulates facultative water reabsorption through a negative feedback system. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide is released by the blood volume increasing. This hormone inhibits reabsorption of Na+ and water in…

Genetics plays a large role in the function of the thyroid gland along with environmental factors. The thyroid is a very important gland in the body that I largely overlooked. It plays an important role in hormone balance and metabolism and any imbalance can largely affect the rest of the body. This paper will address the four major types of autoimmune disease associated with the thyroid and the genes and environmental influences that play a role in these diseases. First off, where is exactly…

the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone (T3 and T4). When these hormones are not produce adequately to meet the bodies need, it can have major effects on the other chemical that sustains the body, affects the metabolism system, the cardiac system and the body as a whole. Causes of hypothyroidism include, radiation therapy, treatment for hyperthyroid, autoimmune disease, thyroid surgery, pregnancy, iodine deficiency and certain medications (Buttaro, Trybulski, Bailey, &…

Thyroid hormones are essential for physical and mental development. Tyrosine is the inactive form, and most of it is converted to an active formed called triiodothyronine. The production and release of thyroid hormones is controlled by a feedback loop system which involved the hypothalamus and the pituitary and thyroid glands. The hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone. It then stimulates the pituitary gland to produce a thyroid stimulating hormone. Lastly, this hormones…

Triiodothyronine, with a chemical name of 3,3',5-Triiodothyronine (T3), is one of four thyroid hormones that exhibit biological activity, and contains 3 iodines and 2 tyrosine’s, as seen in Fig. 1. 20 % of T3 is formed from the amino acid tyrosine within specific follicle cells of the thyroid gland by the oxidative condensation of its biological precursors, monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine, and is then subsequently secreted into the bloodstream. The remaining 80% is produced from the…

Introduction Pituitary tumors are abnormal growths found in the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is a small organ in the center of the brain. It makes hormones that affect growth and the functions of other glands in the body. In most cases, pituitary tumors grow slowly, are not cancerous (are benign), and do not spread to other parts of the body. These tumors are best treated when they are found and diagnosed early. A pituitary tumor may produce hormones (functioning tumor) or not…

THYROID GLAND:The thyroid gland, located inside the neck, takes iodine from foods and converts it into thyroid hormones. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: ANTERIOR VENA CAVA: The anterior vena cava drains the body of blood cranially to the heart. POSTERIOR VENA CAVA: The posterior vena cava drains the body of blood caudal to the heart. JUGULAR VEIN: The jugular vein is a group of veins that drain the structures lying in the cranial cavity of blood, until they unite with the subclavian vein. CEPHALIC:Large…

dairy products, onions, and bananas. Not everyone is a risk for thyroid cancer but it is important during checkups to check for lumps everywhere and if your doctor suspects something it is important that its jotted down in a clinical information system. Clinical information…

swallowing becomes more difficult which creates an issue of malnutrition. ALS affects the nervous system due to the wreckage on the voluntary muscles. This affects the skeletal system because range of motion can become little to none. Your circulatory system must work harder to pump blood and oxygen to all places in the body while the body is usually partially or fully paralyzed. ALS affects each body system in…