Early modern Europe

with firearms. Thus, it can say that the firearms in early modern era had limitations, but they definitely fascinated people with their magic. From the early stages of their imperium, Mughals and the Ottomans showed positive reaction to the increasing effectiveness of the firearms and gunpowder technology by producing, improving and distributing every kind of firearms. The Ottomans had good and strong army which their raids and campaigns into Europe through Balkans helped them for the diffusion…

majority of the Early Middle Ages a time of intellectual depression. Instead of focusing on the lack of information, historians assumed people and life at that time were “dark.” They thought they lived without learning or innovation. They used the term to describe the time as one of ignorance and misery. As historians have uncovered more documents from that time, however, it is not nearly as “dark” now. Modern historians do not often use the term anymore because more is known about the early…

The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 ends the European wars of religion and symbolizes the rise of the modern nation state. With the emerging notions of statehood and sovereignty based on law, concept of popular sovereignty and inalienable rights arise slowly in Europe. The Age of Reason (1685-1815) also known as “The Enlightenment” brings in the old continent as well as in the United States new doctrines such as nationalism that will alter their social structures. With the advent of these ideas the…

archaeology as processualism did in the mid twentieth century (Trigger 2006). Processualism, or the new archaeology, revolutionised the way archaeologists thought and worked with its effects lasting until today both directly and indirectly. Even in modern archaeological settings, processual approaches define the discipline with archaeologists generally describing themselves as processual or post-processual. Although this dichotomy, defined by processual theory and the reaction to it, is not as…

killed more than a third of them and left the others to grieve. Historians and biologists have been hard pressed to explain the extraordinary mortality of the 1348 pandemic. Their best guess is that there was more than one variety of plague at work in Europe. And perhaps, as the British zoologist Graham Twigg theorizes, even a simultaneous and severe outbreak of…

said the Renaissance was a prototype for the modern world, this was because this was the period in time where people began to adopt the world around them, and this resulted in Jacob’s Full Whole Man Concept and it became very influential in his time and our time. 13. Louis’s Patience- Charles VIII eagerness The French King Louis ad resisted r the temptation to attack Italy but, because of this his successor Charles rushed at Italy within his early 20s, he responded with lighting speed, and…

Just like every coin has two sides, the period of renaissance had two sides – a good and a bad. Though it had some dark sides, one cannot deny that European renaissance was a period of growth and development. There was advancement in every aspect of human life, from human anatomy, science, technology to universe beyond. It was an era where man was rediscovered as an individual being and not just a product of church. It was a time when man could use his reason and logic to question what he is…

Randolph Bourne’s piece of writing is clearly inspired by a desire for a cosmopolitan America he feels would be different in spirit and character to the countries of ‘old’ Europe; which is associated with his overarching desire for an “American” identity that is not totally Anglo-Saxon. This is what inspires him in his call for a “pragmatic”, “realistic” nation, a “trans-national” one. Bourne’s potential idea of a “pragmatic” America would consist of a multicultural America. This is undoubtedly…

European Imperialism During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, numerous European powers simultaneously occupied and dominated different parts of the world. Imperialism refers to the expansion of a country's power and influence beyond its own geographical boundaries. The process of building and maintaining an empire involves conquest, colonization, political, economic, and social domination. This strategy was commonly practiced throughout Europe during the Age of Imperialism. Behind…

was a collection of 366 poems and 317 were in sonnet form. He was an early practitioner of the form and thus he influenced many later poets and helped to popularize the form and the vernacular. Through his work, Petrarch established a canonical poetic language as well as a conventional theme. The theme that Petrarch used for his poetry was that of being infatuated to a married woman, as it was a conventional theme in Medieval Europe, it created a worldwide recognition for the poem and helped to…