The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 ends the European wars of religion and symbolizes the rise of the modern nation state. With the emerging notions of statehood and sovereignty based on law, concept of popular sovereignty and inalienable rights arise slowly in Europe. The Age of Reason (1685-1815) also known as “The Enlightenment” brings in the old continent as well as in the United States new doctrines such as nationalism that will alter their social structures. With the advent of these ideas the monarchies’ legitimacy progressively collapses. Since the Antiquity, assassinations and barbarism have been used in warfare and conflict as tools of violence by anti-government dissidents or governments themselves to acquire power and achieve political
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From this statement, in 1798 the French Academy dictionary ‘Terrorism as a system or regime of terror’ and ‘Terrorist as an agent or partisan of the Terror that arose through abuse of revolutionary measures ’. Edmund Burke, British politician and philosopher, published in 1796 Letters on a Regicide Peace in which he used the word ‘terrorist’. It marks the first time that the word entered the English language. Consequently, the repressive system of Robespierre introduces into the political vocabulary a new form of government, a new form of terror. Although the French Revolution ends a system of terror, it develops the premise for an anti-monarchial sentiment through the European continent. Anchoring point for scholars of terrorism, the French Revolution and its aftermath have helped to categorize acts of violence. Although, the French National Assembly drafted a new constitution based upon the principle of democracy, Napoleon Bonaparte arise as emperor and embarks the nation upon a decade of conquests. His military ambitions and conception of international peace, notably in opposition to Britain, soon engender its downfall. By 1814, the Bourbon monarchy is restored despite its unpopularity among the population. Within a generation, the desire to call for a revolution that once started in Paris reemerge. But this time, the revolution would not end
From this statement, in 1798 the French Academy dictionary ‘Terrorism as a system or regime of terror’ and ‘Terrorist as an agent or partisan of the Terror that arose through abuse of revolutionary measures ’. Edmund Burke, British politician and philosopher, published in 1796 Letters on a Regicide Peace in which he used the word ‘terrorist’. It marks the first time that the word entered the English language. Consequently, the repressive system of Robespierre introduces into the political vocabulary a new form of government, a new form of terror. Although the French Revolution ends a system of terror, it develops the premise for an anti-monarchial sentiment through the European continent. Anchoring point for scholars of terrorism, the French Revolution and its aftermath have helped to categorize acts of violence. Although, the French National Assembly drafted a new constitution based upon the principle of democracy, Napoleon Bonaparte arise as emperor and embarks the nation upon a decade of conquests. His military ambitions and conception of international peace, notably in opposition to Britain, soon engender its downfall. By 1814, the Bourbon monarchy is restored despite its unpopularity among the population. Within a generation, the desire to call for a revolution that once started in Paris reemerge. But this time, the revolution would not end