Doxastic logic

Persuasion relies on means of communication that influences beliefs, attitudes, and values. Philosophers throughout the course of history have encountered many dilemmas involving such. Galileo Galilei, an Italian philosopher is a prime example of a man who faced resistance in his act of persuasion. Considering his background, Galileo’s agenda was to argue the value of the Bible against the many discoveries of science. His pro science position, created a discrepancy amongst the people. Showing…

Teaching Strategies for Indirect Instruction The indirect instruction model is defined as a teaching strategy that is designed to teach concepts, patterns, and abstractions with emphasis being on concept learning, inquiry, and problem solving. This type of learning approach is based off the constructivism theory. Teachers that use this method do not provide systematic instruction or sequencing that is organized and provided by the teacher. In this method of teaching, students gain…

Understanding Deductive Reasoning I have spent quite a bit of time reading and rereading the second half of chapter three. I have actually spent time researching additional material to help me understand syllogism. It took some time but I feel I am starting to grasp the structure of deductive reasoning. I went through several examples to fully grasp the idea and different patterns of syllogism. Finally, I worked through understanding the implied premise as it applied to using the Toulmin model…

There are “three types of measurement validation”: content, convergent/discriminant, and nomological/construct validation. Content Validation is preoccupied with the questions whether or not key elements are “omitted from the indicator” and whether or not “inappropriate elements are included in the indicator.” Although content validation is an “important contribution” to measurement validity, its chief limitation is that “alone it is incomplete, for two reasons”: “first, although a necessary…

In The Republic by Plato, the antagonist Socrates who was Plato’s teacher, states that philosophers are best fit to rule due to their knowledge and understanding of the world. This statement feels like it’s just a bias opinion since Plato is a philosopher among other of his interests, but throughout this work of his he proves why the philosopher deserves power in the ideal state. Although the philosopher king seems like a fine idea in theory, it is unrealistic and contains very few sound ideas…

In “The Vice of Snobbery,” Kieran confronts a major concern facing aesthetic knowledge: snobbery. Snobbery is a concern, he argues, precisely because it threatens the very foundation of aesthetic judgments. As a result, it is critical for Kieran to distinguish between virtuous art appreciators – whose aesthetic judgments are legitimate, and snobs – whose aesthetic judgments depend on irrelevant considerations. I will argue that while Kieran’s account of snobbery seems accurate, it brings with it…

Besides identifying “Socrates”, portrayed by Plato, as a teacher or an educator, I prefer to call him as an educationist. I define “educationist” as an utmost expert in educating with several unique characteristics. The most significant ones are presented thoroughly in the conversation between “Socrates” and Euthyphro in Euthyphro. Plato ingeniously used these characteristics as an educationist to defend the previous implicit critiques charging “Socrates”. Focusing on multiple philosophical…

This essay will focus on Susan Wolf’s attack on deontic moral theories. She argues that we cannot accept deontic theories as they prescribe moral sainthood. For Wolf, this is an undesirable model of life that is unrealistic to strive for. I will put pressure on the third premise of her argument. Arguing that she makes an inductive leap from her opinion, that the moral saint’s life is undesirable, to the theory that prescribes it can’t be accepted. For Wolf, deontic moral theories promote a…

Paper #3 – Critical Evaluation of Hudson’s Challenges to American Democracy In the textbook, American Democracy in Peril, William E. Hudson has written a well-thought out critique of the challenges faced by American democracy, but some of his methods and reasonings have issues. Hudson is looking for anything that he thinks might work in the American democracy. This paper will critically evaluate Hudson’s work and a few specific flaws in his proposals. Hudson is striving to make a difference, but…

What are the charges against Socrates as recorded in the Apology. Is he guilty of them? why or why not? In Plato’s Apology, there were several charges against Socrates during his trial. The three main charges against him is his religious beliefs, corrupting the young and also his views of the Athenians. Even though there were several prosecutors and evidence to prove Socrates guilty, he guarded his ground and remained true to his philosophies. He proved many of his beliefs with evidence that…