Doxastic logic

3.4. Reasonableness/Arbitrariness/Discrimination The Tecmed Tribunal expressly accepted that arbitrariness and discrimination could not be reconciled with the FET standard. The Tribunal in Pope & Talbot frequently referred to the reasonableness of the conduct of a State or its organ to rule out a violation of the FET standard. Benedict and Schill are of the opinion that there is a link between the concepts of reasonableness and proportionality on one hand and the permissibility of States right…

6.) For Kant, what is the one thing that can be taken as good without qualification? And what is a deontologist and what is important to them? The one thing that can be taken as good without qualification is “good will”. I completely agree with this, an action made solely for the right reason and that is freely made with no strings attached is good no matter how you look at it, it is pure and unselfish. Deontologists, are guided by rules and principles in life. It is important for them to…

What if we could subject the human consciousness to analysis purely using reason? Transcendental idealism is a philosophy associated with Immanuel Kant and his Critique of Pure Reason. According to an article by Nicholas Stang in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy it is a rebuke of previous philosophies which were immaterial, doubting or outright denying the existence of matter. It postulates that things do in fact exist, but are separated from the human consciousness. Transcendental…

Bible and the Constitution, and how it inspired Shakespeare and Cicero, as well as how rhetoric has faded since the 1800s. Heinrichs declares his purpose for writing Thank You for Arguing as to “lead you through this ill-known world of argument…to use logic as a convincing tool, smacking down fallacies and building airtight assertions” (Heinrichs 5). Heinrichs hooks his audience by using the very thing he teaches about: rhetoric. In…

Why Transhumanism is a Good Concept Transhumanism has become a remarkably controversial topic- with half of society agreeing with their plans and the other half disagreeing. Two intellectuals spoke out about their views on the subject: Francis Fukuyama and Ronald Bailey, each on a differing side. While Fukuyama makes an argument against the transhumanists, Bailey makes a compelling argument for them. He does so by justifying why enhancing humanity is a human thing to do, while also…

I’m not one to lie; that’s not who I am. I’m not going to say that I am the best person that has ever existed. Why? Because it would be a lie. I do, however, have some characteristics of myself that are positive. Clearly, the first is being truthful. The last four months of my life have been extremely testing and have made me hate myself as a person. Mostly due to what other people have said about me. Most of their allegations were correct. My sophomore year I lost who I was. I became, I don’t…

Midterm #1 1a. Aquinas’ three conditions for a just war are built on the ideas of Aristotle and Augustine. The three conditions are as follows: 1. The first condition claims that “a just war must be declared by proper authority” (Christopher, 50). Aquinas is stating that the second party is allowed to offer redress the issue at hand, it has had the to offer other alternatives. The idea behind this condition is that it makes war the “last resort” (Christopher, 51). This condition also mentions…

Describe and critically analyse the ontological argument for the existence of God. Ontological arguments are arguments that some philosophers claim, definitively prove and conclude on the existence of an omniscient ‘God’. These arguments are structured in a specific analytical, deductive, a priori style. The analytical, a priori aspect of the argument means that the conclusion is based on the understanding of a definition. Meaning that the truth of the conclusion can be determined before…

Blinks In the book Blink, Gladwell describes a phenomenon he refers to as “blinks”. These are instances where your unconscious takes in information and processes it, so you react to the situation without having to take the time to consciously think. Throughout his book Gladwell provides a variety of situations where these are helpful or harmful, however he does not touch on how this process occurs or how it relates to attention. While we still are not sure exactly how attention selection works,…

Ashutosh Jogalekar's post is a response to a previous article, by Alex Berezow. The original article argues that psychology is a not a "real" science. While Jogalekar agrees with Berezow to an extent, he explains in further detail his contrasting views why psychology may not be a "real" science but why it is still a science. Berezow claims that in order to be considered a field of science it must have five certain qualities: clearly defined terminology, quantifiability, highly controlled…