Dopamine receptor

Science assignment A lot of young teens or adults experiment with heroin thinking, “I’ll try it once or twice. I can always stop.” But those who start down that road find it nearly impossible to turn back. Heroin is a drug that slows down the messages travelling between your brain and body which can also be classified as a depressant drug a depressant drug, or central depressant drug, is a very commonly used drug for pain relief or endogenous compound that lowers neurotransmission levels, which…

Introduction The scientific study of Huntington’s Disease (HD) had began in 1872, by George Huntington who is a family physician that had published a report on the clinical symptoms and peculiar mode of inheritance of the disorder.(1, 2) Huntington’s disease has 3 subtypes according to the age onset, which are infantile, juvenile and the adult-onset.(2) Individuals with Huntington’s disease can become asymptomatic between the ages of 1 and 80 years.(3) The typical mean age of onset is 40 years,…

Cognitive functional tests of an animal can be divided into two categories, attentive and recollection tests, both of which will be examined in this experiment. [ref 1] The memory test is the Morris Water Maze and the attentive test is the Pre-Pulse Inhibition test. Both tests in this experiment are exercise different parts of the brain, the Water Maze exercises the hippocampus, and the Pre-Pulse Inhibition exercises the brainstem. The Water Maze experiment is an exercise regarding the…

Ms. A. is a 28-year-old married executive who reports feeling anxiety and experiencing insomnia. She has been taking over-the-counter (OTC) medication to assist with sleep, but she still appears exhausted. Ms. A.’s symptoms have developed over a period of three months, and were reportedly triggered by her husband traveling out of town for business. She reports feeling irritable, tired, and nervous in a variety of situations. Ms. A. states that she has had a 15-pound weight loss over the past 3…

the basal ganglia. Increasing the activity in the basal ganglia increases the amount of neurotransmitters of dopamine are released. The boost of dopamine activity causes hallucinations and delusions, some of the few symptoms associated with schizophrenia. It is also one of the many hypothesis of how schizophrenia is caused. Another theory of what causes schizophrenia involves the NMDA receptors that…

Depression is a big worldwide problem, and in USA antidepressants are the third most common prescribed drug. It is a problem that appears to be on the rise. However, a lot about the function of antidepressants and why they seem to be working better in some individuals still remains unknown. Some data actually suggests that antidepressants works as good as taking a sugar pill. A meta-analysis (2010) were six separate studies were analysed to compare the effectiveness of antidepressants…

typical and atypical, both tend to block the ladopaminic receptor pathway in the brain. Some side effects include weight gain, agranulocytosis, dyskinesia and tardive akathisia. The aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics are a heterogeneous group of unrelated, except for the fact that its mechanism of action differs from typical antipsychotic drugs. Many have the common power to act on serotonin receptors and dopamine…

What is internet addiction? Internet addiction has been described as “Any online-related, compulsive behavior which interferes with normal living and causes severe stress on family, friends, loved ones, and one’s work environment” (Young). A person creates an emotional attachment to computer related activities such as online shopping, gambling, blogging, online trading, video gaming, among many other activities. This attachment causes individuals to spend a very long time doing such activities,…

to poor cognitive functioning in middle age men and women, and during abstinence, the severity of decreases in cognitive performance predicts relapse (Patterson et al., 2010; Rukstalis et al., 2005, as cited by Gould, 2010). Ecstasy increases the dopamine and serotonin levels, and stimulates norepinephrine production, and through continued use, can stunt natural production of these neurotransmitters. MDMA affects working memory and visual recall in the hippocampus. Abusers can have memory lapses…

Can a reductionist approach explain the onset of Schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is one of the most challenging mental disorders as it’s caused by a combination of factors rather than one root cause. Reductionism is an approach which attempts to understand the nature of complex phenomena by reducing them into a smaller set of properties (Jones, 2004) and therefore disregarding the complexities of an individual’s brain and experiences. The purpose of this essay is to assess whether a reductionist…