Deontological ethics

Jeremy Bentham theorized the moral code of utilitarianism in “An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation.” Utilitarianism says that a decision is moral if it creates more pleasure than pain for the majority of people involved. This begs the question of whether or not an individual euthanization can be moral. Each case is different and should not be over generalized, but it must be for argument’s sake. According to James Rachels in “Morality of Euthanasia,” there are cases where…

Summary John Arthurs has a unique stance on world hunger and moral obligation and the way that we should handle these issues. He opens up his argument by analyzing one of Pete Singers rules “If it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought, morally, to do it. “(666) Arthur believes that rule of life is a flawed one. He counters this statement by giving a scenario using Singers moral rule. Arthur states…

large company, his death results in the loss of employment of 200,000 people as well as the five tied to the other track. This scenario exemplifies the fact that some lives should be considered more high priority than others and is cause for the deontological or absolutist belief. However, a historical application of moral theory can be expressed from the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The utilitarian perspective on the bombing would justify the action because you are allowed to read into…

This article – Was ist Äufklarung? - was written by the philosopher Immanuel Kant in 1784. In this year the German newspaper Berlinische Monatschrift published the following question made by the priest Johann Friedrich Zöllner: What is enlightenment? One month later Kant wrote and published in the newspaper this article to answer the question. Kant starts the article by answering clearly the question what is enlightenment. By enlightenment he understands that is the man´s release from his…

Morality is a system of moral conduct, or conformity to ideals of \correct human conduct. In the novel Anthem by Ayn Rand, one system of morality was so distorted that Equality creates his own system of morals. Throughout Anthem, Equality, the narrator, goes through a series of events that led him to change his view of morality. At the end of Anthem, the collectivist society’s view of morality remains the same while Equality’s view of morality is changed to ideals of right human conduct.…

In James Rachel’s book, The Elements of Moral Philosophy Rachel argues that there are some major problems with the logic that Cultural Relativism is based on. In this paper I am going to argue against Moral Disagreement in which I will merge Cultural Relativism with subjectivism. CR states that the view rightness/wrongness and goodness/badness are culturally determined. What the majority of one’s culture decides is right or wrong. With that definition I would be sure this is true, but some…

If any rule can apply universally, it is the universal moral law. It does not necessarily be appropriate or inappropriate as long as the rules are applied in accordance with reason. In his first categorical imperative, he states, that, ‘Act in accordance with a maxim that can at the same time make itself a universal law.(GW, 4: 437/44); (Kant, 1998, p. 44). To understand Kantian moral law, one has to justify from its action, not from its consequence. For example, he says that telling lies is…

At the outset, we recall that Hooker’s second assessment asserts that impartial benevolence serves as a direct guide to facilitate decisions about what we ought to do. Hooker states, I mean impartial benevolence as the direct and sole determiner of everyday practical decisions. By impartial benevolence, I mean an equal concern for the good of each. And by equal concern for the good of each, I mean treating a benefit or harm to any one individual as having the same moral importance as the…

Second, individuals must value an outcome in order for justice phenomena to be relevant. Third, perceptions of injustice or inequity are the result of comparison processes. It is axiomatic that no justice phenomenon can arise in the absence of a stable frame of reference. Fourth, relative deprivation theory suggests that there is a preference for equity in relationships, and that when individuals feel they have been unfairly treated they will be motivated to take action to restore equity. An…

Do you know what the definition of a hero is? What is it? To define a hero you have to start on what they do and the way they do it. Also their characteristics if they really are heros they must have good ones like for example they are caring. Another way to define a hero is what they aren’t supposed to be like for example if they are not patient. A nurse cares and is confident but never worries a lot about themselves. The purpose of a hero is to help others get better, cure them, support them…