Bradycardia

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To find out the most effective dose of nalbuphine as adjuvant to spinal anaesthesia. To compare the three different doses and find out most optimum dose of nalbuphine with minimal side effects and maximum analgesic effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted prospective randomized double blinded controlled study with 120 ASA I and II patients who were undergoing lowerlimb orthopedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia. We randomly allocated four groups A,B,C to receive 0.4, 0…

rounded to increments of five beats per minute excluding accelerations, decelerations, or marked variability. The normal range is between 110 to 160 beats per minute with a baseline above 160 indicating tachycardia and a baseline below 110 indicating bradycardia. Baseline variability refers to the fluctuations in the baseline FHR that are irregular in amplitude and frequency. The variability can be described as absent, minimal, moderate or marked. Periodic changes are accelerations and…

For the most part, athletes EKG's are normal or have slight electrical changes. The most commonly reported alterations are early depolarization patterns, increased QRS voltages, diffuse T-wave inversion, and deep Q waves. Sinus bradycardia, which is an abnormally slow heart rate below 60 bpm, is considered normal in athletes at rest and is mostly without symptoms. The heart has become so efficient, it delivers large volumes of blood with each beat, so fewer beats are needed. Another…

1. On presentation, this patient’s overdose has resulted in the following symptoms: bradycardia, bradypnea, hypotension, hypothermia, hypoxia, and non-responsive to pain. For this patient, an endotracheal tube would be placed to protect the airway and start mechanical ventilation, since the patient is having difficulty maintaining spontaneous ventilation. This will also protect the airway from potential aspiration. Continuous oxygen therapy at 100% to help improve the patient’s hypoxia.…

Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder that can become fatal. It is characterized by a preoccupation with food to the point of starvation, weight loss, and a disturbance in a person’s body image. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V) lists diagnostic criteria as the following: “restriction of energy intake relative to requirement, leading to a significantly low body weight”; “intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, or…

When administered, sugammadex forms a water-soluble complex with aminosteroid non-depolarizing agents, thereby reversing NMB.22 Sugammadex has an affinity for aminosteroids as follows: rucoronium> vecuronium> pancuronium.1 Specifically, sugammadex is 2.5 times more selective for rocuronium than vecuronium.23 Sugammadex acts three to eight times faster than neostigmine to reverse a NMB.24 Due to its highly selective reversal of rocuronium-induced NMB, there is a new but growing interest in…

Sepsis continues to be a significant cause of death and morbidity in the intensive care unit (ICU), with documented mortality rates as high as 50% (Nargis, Ibrahim, & Ahamed, 2014). Moreover, it is also estimated to be the principal cause of death and illness worldwide (Singer et al., 2016). The socioeconomic costs related to sepsis in the United States were determined to be more than $20 billion in 2011 (Balk et al., 2017). Also, there has been a steady increase in the incidences of sepsis…

failure and myocardial infarction. The electrical conduction system of the heart can also change during ageing. For example, the number of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node decreases substantially with ageing, which in turn leads to bradycardia and ultimately a decline in cardiac output (Caroline 2014 seek…

atrial fibrillation (Usher, n.d.d). Patient Afib uses metoprolol mainly for its rate controlling effects, but also benefits from its antihypertensive properties. Some common side effects of metoprolol include fatigue, depression, dizziness, and bradycardia (Usher, n.d.a). As noted before, patient Afib has complained of fatigue while performing tasks he was previously able to do with ease. The patient also noted that at times he feels dizzy when he overexerts…

AN ATHLETE 'S HEART Everyone knows normal daily exercise is beneficial to the heart. It helps reduce the risk of heart disease, reduces weight, lowers blood pressure, and improves cholesterol. A difference in the appearance of the heart can be seen between normal exercise and those of highly trained athletes. Athletic hearts undergo cardiac remodeling of chambers and physiological changes because the heart is working harder to pump blood to the rest of the body during extreme physical activity…