Blood-brain barrier

QUESTION 2: How did Fayol divide the activities of an industry? Elaborate on the 14 general principles of management suggested by Henry Fayol. ANSWER: Henry Fayol divided the activities of an industry based on five functions, which are as follows: • Planning • Organizing • Commanding • Coordinating • Controlling 1) Planning: A good plan of action ought to be versatile, continuous, relevant and correct because it unifies the organization by that specialize in the character, priorities, and…

The costs savings and additional revenue generated from a positive customer relationship have proven to be a valuable resource. These loyal customers can offer a business a constant customer base, more frequent purchases, higher profit margins, and a group of peer-trusted supporters who voluntarily market the firm to prospective customers (Reichheld and Sasser, 1990). Additionally, evidence shows it costs much more to attract a new customer to a business than to get a current one to purchase…

fragmented industry. A fragmented industry is one in which there are large amounts of small and medium sized companies. With this industry, the opposite is present. This industry is comprised of a small number of large retail chains that would make the barriers to entry very high due to startup costs and capital investments. Also, economies of scale would make it difficult to enter this industry because…

Competitive Rivalry or Competition with Unilever Rivalry is a noteworthy power in Unilever's industry condition. This area of the Five Forces examination recognizes the outer elements that present the effect of firms on each other. The solid power of focused competition against Unilever depends on the accompanying outer elements and their powers • High number of firms • High aggressiveness of firms • Low switching costs There are numerous organizations working in the customer merchandise…

Michael Porter’s five competitive model forces: (1) the threats of new entrants, (2) the bargaining power of suppliers, (3) the bargaining power of buyers, (4) the threats of substitute products and services, and (5) rivalry among competitors (Kinicki & Williams, 2014, p. 173-174; O’Brien, & Marakas, 2011, p. 46). This model is a starting pointing for identifying the company’s strengths and weaknesses by looking at the industry and itself. This model was developed initially for…

it is able to reach the brain. Only a small amount can leak through the blood-brain barrier , but if the levels of NH3 in blood are very high, then more of it will enter. An excess of ammonia is toxic and causes neurological disorders and damages, leading to a condition called Encephalopathy. As listed in the case, possible symptoms are disorientation, lethargy, slurred speech, behavior change and also motor skills impairments such as Asterixis and hyperreflexia. Brain hyperammonemia initiates…

Sclerosis as an autoimmune disease, (an inflammatory disorder of the CNS, in which the immune system attacks and eats away the protective covering of the neurons, known as the myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord, leaving multiple lesions). The damaged neurons cause loss of communication between the brain and the rest of the body over a period of time (Goodin, & Bates, 2009). Multiple sclerosis causes many different symptoms, including loss of vision,…

Researchers experiment with brain cells to understand the different pathways. As the follow experiment where researchers put glutamate in a culture where there were neurons and astrocytes. After a glucose use by cells, they saw an inhibition of the glucose transport into the neurons and this inhibition was stronger with add of lactate in the culture. This experiment show us that glutamate inhibited glucose transport into the neurons and in consequence inhibited glycolysis, and this is why it…

Messing and Brenner, 2003). Both beneficial and detrimental elements of astrogliosis have been described. In spinal cord injury (SCI), the stellate processes of astrocytes interdigitate to form a dense plexus that creates a physical and molecular barrier to nerve regeneration (Fitch and Silver, 2008; Ridet et al., 1997). Chronic demyelinated plaques in multiple sclerosis are also characterized by a dense network of larger than normal stellate astroglia (Holley et al., 2003). Activated…

In the brain, there are respiratory centers that are the central control of ventilation. They are located within the brainstem and their job is to adjust ventilation when they receive signals of changes in the chemical composition. Changes in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide or oxygen and changes in blood pH have a major effect on ventilation. For example, when the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and blood pH are altered, it sends a message to the respiratory control…