Arterial blood gas

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a common and potentially life threatening condition arising from a variety of pathological conditions including traumatic brain injury (TBI), intracranial hemorrhage, disturbance of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) circulation and brain tumors. Although ventriculostomy continues to be the gold standard modality, the potential risks of misplacement, infection, hemorrhage and obstruction have led to development and implementation of alternative intracranial…

Venipuncture or phlebotomy is the term used when blood is going to get drawn from a vein. There are many people who have to get their blood drawn for health concerns. It can show how well the kidneys, heart, lungs and other organs work. The people who draw your blood are called a phlebotomist. A phlebotomist is a trained individual, usually working in a doctor’s office, hospital or medical care unit. A phlebotomist is trained to draw blood from another individual via vein in the arm (aka…

DISABILITY: Kelly’s GSC score is 15/15, no brain injury reported. Her cognitive function is normal. Her anxiety and restlessness is due to lack of enough blood supply to the brain. Monitoring patient cognitive function regularly by using a simple nursing assessment scale such Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) used to describe the level of consciousness and to assess any brain problem or cognitive impairment. Patient with heart attack can suddenly changes their cognitive function due to insufficiency of…

The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanges occur and the blood that leaves the lungs is now oxygenated and can be transported to the systemic circulation after traveling back through the heart and leaving the left ventricle. Within the systemic circulation, oxygenated blood is not only transported systemically, but wastes are removed from tissues and then returned…

Question 1. A. AIRWAY– Maintaining a clear airway is always considered a high priority because the airway is essential for gas exchange. However, the patient has a patent airway (Ramkumar, 2011). The nursing strategy is to conduct an airway assessment “look, listen and feel” continuously to detect any changes. This is to provide immediate respiratory care if the patient’s airway is compromised (Higginson, Jones & Davies, 2011). This is a low priority. B. BREATHING – Respiration is altered due…

This condition was in one of the clinical correlations which I thought was interesting how the body’s energy processes worked against themselves. Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, inherited life-threatening condition that is induced by general anesthetic drugs such as halothane. Generally, most cases show no signs or symptoms until individuals are exposed to anesthesia. However, there are cases where an individual with MH goes under anesthetics and will not react. The reaction includes a…

improve appearance and prevent complications of increased intracranial pressure such as cognitive impairment, auditory and visual loss. Correction of craniosynostosis includes various surgical techniques, some of which are associated with substantial blood loss. Cranial vault remodeling is the historical gold standard for treating this condition and yields predictable results in terms of cranial shape and volume expansion. The technique involves wide scalp dissections with multiple osteotomies…

thrombosis prophylaxis, and is a former smoker that quit 10 years ago. She has not been diagnosed with COPD or any other respiratory problems and had not had any significant surgeries. When she came into the emergency department her vitals were as follows: blood pressure 121/57, heart rate 61, respiratory rate 24, temperature 97.4, breath sounds clear, and SpO2 99% on room air. These vitals are in normal range for a patient of her age. She was admitted to the floor for further monitoring and was…

products and carbon dioxide from the cells and provide more oxygen for the working cells. This surge of extra energy that is needed requires the heart to pump faster and harder in order to increase the volume of blood being pumped there is an increase in beats per minute. A redistribution of blood can be given out to supply the areas with a higher demand for oxygen and away from the…

patient receives air in the blood returned. The system has air detectors that are highly sensitive even to micro-bubbles. Alarms can occur if the system was not thoroughly primed or if any port is loose. Air embolus can occur if the return line connection is loose on the patient’s side, in which case the air enters the system after the bubble detector. This complication can be prevented by ensuring integrity of the circuit and by continuous monitoring of the air detectors. Blood…