modernizing was not as simple; it was a ripple effect from the West that began when the Qing Dynasty collapsed and continued up until mid-20th century. The route to modernity was arduous and had many stops throughout history with influences from Soviet socialist ideals, making China’s modernization…
The relationship between identity and France has been one colored by pride, lofty ambitions, and political fragmentation. Perhaps no Frenchmen represents this convoluted arrangement of ideals better than Pierre Poujade. As a simple shopkeeper, Poujade rose from an artisan background to become a French politician whose political views were as obscure as they were sharply worded. A truly polarizing figure, Poujade exploited the true weakness of the failed Fourth Republic, the inability to restore…
Before 1933, Germany went through several stages of fragmentation. Geographically and politically, Imperial Germany (1871-1918) was separated into several states ruled by kings. Then, the transition to a democratic republic resulted in even more conflicting opinions. The decision of Kaiser Wilhelm II to enter World War I would forever alter Germany 's history. Eric Weitz 's book on the Weimer Republic does a remarkable job of analyzing the political atmosphere as a result of social, cultural,…
Holocaust. Adolf Hitler was a very strong-minded individual, he liked when things went his way. Germany during this time was a very racial country, people judged others strongly on their religious beliefs, and their political communities. The National Socialist Party, also known as the Nazis, planned to eradicate the Jewish community. This plan was called the final solution. The word “holocaust” derives from the Greek word “holokauston”, meaning sacrifice from fire. The holocaust targeted many…
Fascism Fascism derives from the word fasces, which was a bundle of rods used to signify authority in Ancient Rome (Miglietta). In addition, Italy used fascio when referring to a political group (Miglietta). However, neither of these words capture the ideological meaning of Fascism. According to Thomas Magstadt Fascism is: “A totalitarian political system that is headed by a popular charismatic leader and in which a single political part and carefully controlled violence form the bases of…
Figurative Language Paradox: "War is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength." This phrase is mentioned frequently throughout the book and is one of the three slogans for INGSOC, the English Socialist Party. Their goal is to gain control over the minds of the people, and dictate what they think. One of the main brainwashing programmes used by the party was "doublethink". "doublethink" is the act of simultaneously accepting two mutually contradicting beliefs as correct. This helps the…
Simone de Beauvoir has endured many experiences in her life, stemming from her works of writing and applying it to feminism and societal changes. The works of Beauvoir have reached the outermost parts of the world and have become feminist writing pillars for generations to come. Evidently, Beauvoir has become an inspiration for many women and philosophers in the establishment. Simone writes of her regular beliefs of existentialism, as well as the philosophy of women, exclusively spoken about in…
It is human nature to view the world wanting to categorize it and its contents into groups in order to efficiently predict the characteristics of that person or object. This tactic of categorizing is referred to as labelling or stereotyping. In politics, labels like “left-wing”, “right-wing”, “liberal”, “conservative” and many others are used to organize people or groups into convenient ideological boxes that are easy to understand. However, this method of labelling is often simplistic and…
middle-ground position of their movement, criticising the left and right, while promoting free speech as a crucial societal value. Kiyosawa further described liberalism as the sole “ideology that tolerates arguments and theories opposed to itself.” But these ideals failed to establish a place in the minds of the Japanese public, only earning the ire of reactionary elements. The parties of the diet failed dramatically at inspiring the masses, and…
Two of the greatest men in modern history, Otto von Bismarck and Adolf Hitler were determined to transform Germany into a great power. Despite being Prussian, Bismarck was nonetheless driven to unify Germany due to the fear of liberal ideology in a fragmented Germany. In essence, Bismarck was violent and would not stop at anything until his goals were realized with the eventual formation of a German state. Meanwhile, Adolf Hitler, an Austrian, sought to rid the nation of any race that was not…