1981

Figure 4: The Historical Processes of Competing Interests in International Relations Source: Social Forces, States and World Orders (Cox, 1981: 138). Figure four indicates that social forces, forms of state and world orders are interdependent in the completing interests in international relations. Social forces form the base of the ABSM, and the ideologies are essential to the deliberation process in democratic practises. The form of state represents the political institutions and material…

Researchers in Criminology including Kleck (1981) , Hagans (1974), and Spohn (2000) posit that democracy’s depend on transparency of their systems to legitimize the criminal justice process. Because of the pivotal importance of systemic legitimacy, racial disparity in punishment has become a polarized topic for criminal justice administrators and academics. Previous research efforts have often delivered data and hypothesis that were conflicting and open to contrary interpretations. This paper…

Homicide and Assault: A Comparative Analysis of Attributes in Dallas Neighborhoods, 1981-1985 by Keith D. Harries from the University of Maryland Baltimore County hypothesized “the legal labels homicide and assault represent essentially similar behaviors differing principally in outcome rather than process” (p. 29). According to Harries (1989), to test this papers’ hypothesis it seeks the relationship between the high crime rates and the poverty areas based off the status of the neighborhoods (p…

Another critical point mentioned by Evered and Louis (1981) is the roles clearly taken up by the research in the inside (organization actor, participants observer) and outside (Data analysts, rationalistic model builder) modes. This supports the point earlier made that insider research looks to engage organization…

Dworkin, 1981; Dworkin and MacKinnon, 1988; Mackinnon, 1989) since 1980s have overwhelmingly stressed on criticising of pornography as a form of oppression to women. By examining the ‘effects’ of pornography on its male consumers, radical feminists have frequently…

portrayal of the ‘lad’ while cooking is reflected through his insistence that cooking must always be “a laugh” (Hollows, 2003: 233). Further, Oliver and therefore the ‘new lad’ cook according to leisure, which is often associated with choice (Adler, 1981:…

the issue. (Lee, 2011). To create change over the course of therapy, I will work with the family to understand their own worldview and then join them as a constructor to help change that worldview to include possible alternatives (Minuchin & Fishman, 1981). To do this effectively, I will use their own metaphors, language, and rules to help…

2007; Poster, 2001; Kerr, 1999; Elson and Pearson, 1981). All of these “merits” were favoured by the profit-chasing capitalism…

just this group of people where they could still find bias in these changes such as he/she. McFadden uses an example of how a local art critic changed her last name from Terman to Terwoman. A reader pointed out how this change still contains “man” (1981). Again, this is evidence of how someone perceives something and bias could still be seen. If someone is set out looking for bias, they will probably be able to find it. Sexual bias can be found in much greater degrees than just using the…

Created in 1981 by Hilary Putnam the Brain in a Vat theory is about a science fiction possibility of our brains quite literally being in a vat. Hilary Putnam uses referencing or representation, the Turing Test, the rules of language and a host of examples to establish that the statement “we are brains in a vat” is a self-refuting statement. He asks the question “Could we, if we were brains in a vat in this way, say or think that we were?” (Putnam 1981, p7) and comes to the conclusion that we…