Several terminologies have been used worldwide to describe wildfire or forest fire (e.g. Hardy, 2005; Bento-Gonçalves et al., 2012; Eriksen and Prior, 2013; Mhawej et al., 2015). Generally in the United States, these definitions included prescribed fire - which is a controlled burn ignited by human under a controlled environment and on a limited spatial scale. However, in this chapter, we only focus on uncontrolled fire that occurs in the countryside or wildland. Studies such as Kumagai et al. (2004), Lentile et al. (2006), Shafran (2008), Prato and Fagre (2008) and Pausas et al. (2009) announce that the wildfire is an essential natural process. Others – e.g. Prestemon and Butry (2005), Amatulli et al. (2006), Romero-Calcerrada et al. (2008), Martínez et al. (2009), Lui et al. (2010), Hurst (2015) – acclaim it is a human-induced phenomenon influencing significantly terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric systems throughout the world. Either way, the science behind wildfires has received momentous attention over the past few decades due to the wide range of ecological, economic, social, and political values at stake (Lentile et al., 2006; Mhawej et al., 2015). The study of these fires includes generally a broad spectrum of scientific disciplines, such as forestry, ecology, geology, atmospheric chemistry, mechanical engineering, geography, and economy to name just a few examples (Arroyo et al., 2008). Actually, wildfires’ consequences could be visible at local scale (e.g.…
The main summation of the six articles in questions all point back to the significance and need for Hackman and Oldham’s Job Characteristics Model (JCM) as well as the utilization of job re-design based off of these findings. The JCM was originally created as a means to offer different principles that can be implemented at an organization to enrich the workplace for those involved. The JCM is essentially a work questionnaire that uses the information found to create statistical data in order…
Intro: There is much criticism, as well as negative connotations, that currently exist within our society in regards to the juvenile justice system (Pierpoint, 2000; White, 2002), and most critics’ opinions have originated from the plethora of different individuals and agencies whom become involved in a delinquent’s life at any given time once they enter into the juvenile system (Pierpoint, 2000; White, 2002). As many scholars have discovered over the course of their research, biological parents…
Social impacts are the consequences of change in societies and cultures (Basa, 2007) and Social Impact Assessment (SIA) methods are used to study these consequences. The scope of SIA and the methods used have widened considerably in recent decades (Esteves et al. 2012), with SIA developing concepts and tools to assess the social impacts of development projects on people and their livelihoods (Asselin and Parkins, 2009; Tang et al., 2008; Vanclay, 2003, 2006). In the United States, the National…
Conclusion: Overall, the current juvenile system is very much so causing strain and separation between juvenile delinquents and their parents (Gauthier et al., 2004; Taylor & McQuillan, 2014; Whelan, 2003), which is often times connected to high recidivism rates (More Services, 2012; Ryan et al., 2014; Trulson et al., 2005), as well as having an adverse effect on the youth’s potential for familial reunification (Amandoala, 2009; D’andrade & Huong, 2014; Dorsey et al., 2014; Garfinkel, 2010).…
Grading practices: The key to unlocking student achievement and motivation Understanding student motivation allows teachers to develop strategies that can increase motivation, thus increasing academic achievement. Academics has become a constant competition from kindergarten onwards as to provide the best opportunities for students. A major factor on academic achievement is how a teacher uses grading practices to drive student motivation. Selecting the correct type of grading style become an…
Another example, in California, a capitated program (set price per person) named STRIDES (Steps Towards Recovery, Independence, Dignity, Empowerment, and Success), is a close replica to the ACTS model. There is a low caseloads, 24 hour availability, weekly meetings, and medication monitoring. In addition, there are substance abuse counselors and employment specialists available to clients (Chandler, Spicer, Wagner, & Hargreaves, 1999). Chandler et al., 1999, conducted a study of 60…
This writer focuses on two parts of the question 'The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 was Lloyd George's greatest political achievement in the period from 1918 to 1922.'. One is 'the period from 1918 to 1922'. The period from 1918 to 1922 is very distinguishing time for Britain and David Lloyd George. It was in 1918 when the First World War ended and it was in 1922 when David Lloyd George resigned as Prime Minister . It indicates that this essay should concentrate only on that specific period and…
It was her first time engaging with it, all season. She activates her fur by brushing its coat and polishing the eyes. The author states, “Oh, how sweet it was to see them snap at her again.” (Mansfield, 1922). It is used to exemplify, Miss Brill sees the fur for something more than just a fashion piece. The fur symbolizes a companion. Although the weather was warm outside, she is pleased to wear her fur because it will accompany her on her journey. The moment Miss Brill arrives at her usual…
He reinforced the importance of developing a scientific method that included a thorough description the research process, much like the kind seen in the natural sciences research processes (Malinowski, 1922). He commented that the material should be “collected through minute, detailed observation" (1922 p.24). The information documented should be a “collection of ethnographic statements, characteristic narratives, typical utterance, items of folk-lore and magical formulae” (1992 p.24). Kalow, on…