Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Aflotoxin:
Aspergillis - |
Animals feeds
|
|
|
|
Mycotoxins:
Neurotoxins: Phalliodin, amanitin Amanita |
Poisonous mushrooms.
|
|
|
|
Saxitoxin produced by dinoflagellates which causes
___ ____ ____. |
Paralytic shellfish poisoning.
|
|
|
|
There are 5 portals of bodily exit. Name them.
GSRBG |
GSRBG
1- Genitourinary tract. 2- Skin. 3- Respiratory. 4- Blood (biting arthropods, syringes). 5- Gastrointestinal tract. |
GSRBG
|
|
|
The lack of resistance to a disease is ____.
|
Susceptibility.
|
|
|
|
The ability to ward off disease is ___.
|
Resistance.
|
|
|
|
Defenses against any pathogen is ___ ___.
|
Nonspecific resistance.
|
|
|
|
Immunity, resistance to a particular pathogen is ___ ___.
|
Specific resistance.
|
|
|
|
7 Mechanical factors that assist in resisting disease.
SC sluvm |
1- Saliva
2- Ciliary escalator. 3- Skin (unbroken). 4- lacrimal apparatur (eyes) 5- urine 6- vaginal secretions 7- Mucous membranes. |
SC sluvm
|
|
|
5 "Chemical" factors that assist in warding off disease.
|
1- Fungistatic fatty acid (oil)
2- Low pH (3-5 skin) 3- Lysozyme in perspiration, tears, saliva... 4- Low pH (1-3) of gastric juice 5- Transferrins in blood find iron. |
|
|
|
What is a phagocyte?
|
Phago=eat
cyte= cell Ingestion of microbes or particles by a cell, perfromed by phagocytes. Mechnikov discovered this. |
|
|
|
Defenses against any pathogen.
|
Innate (nonspecific).
|
|
|
|
What is a specific anitbody lymphocyte response to an antigen.
|
Immunity.
|
|
|
|
A substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized "T" cells.
|
Antigen (Ag).
|
|
|
|
Proteins made in response to an antigen.
|
Antibody (Ab).
|
|
|
|
Study of reactions between antibodies and antigens.
|
Serology.
|
|
|
|
Generic term for serum because it contains Ab.
|
Antiserum.
|
|
|
|
Serum proteins are called ___.
|
Globulins.
|
|
|
|
Serum fraction containing Ab is called ___.
|
GAmma globulin.
|
|
|
|
Developed during an individual's lifetime is what kind of immunity?
|
Acquired immunity.
|
hint= like scotch it's an acquired taste.
|
|
|
What kind of immunity involves T cells?
All T cells' immunity is ___ ___. |
Cell-mediated immunity.
|
|
|
|
What "kind" of immunity results from an infection?
|
Naturally acquired active immunity.
|
hint= active infection.
|
|
|
What "kind" of immunity is transplacental or via colostrum ? Not Ab.
|
Naturally acquired PASSIVE immunity (yet temporary).
|
hint= Passive = placenta
|
|
|
What kind of immunity comes from an injection of Ag (antigen) (vaccination)?
|
Artificially acquired active immunity. DPT, MMR,...
|
hint= injections of antibodies are passive and antigens are active???
|
|
|
What kind of immunity comes from an "INJECTION" of Ab (antibodies)?
|
Aritficially acquired passive immunity. Hepititis A.
|
|
|
|
What is the most common form of antibodies?
|
IgG.
|
hint= Gee, there are alot of these!
|
|
|
This antibody is a monomer, 80% of serum anitbodies, fix commplement, in blood, lymph, intestine, Enhance phagocytosis, neutralize toxins and viruses; protects fetus and newborn.
|
IgG.
|
hint= there is a big letter on a pregnant bellie.
Is the most of any Ab. |
|
|
Which antibody crosses the placenta?
|
IgG
|
hint= Gee, it crosses the placenta!
|
|
|
This antibody resembles a stop sign shape; penta.
|
IgM
|
|
|
|
There is about 5-10% of this antibody in the blood.
|
IgM
|
|
|
|
This anitbody is NOT a monomer and in the blood, lymph, and on B cells.
|
IgM
|
|
|
|
This antibody is the first Ab produced in response to infection and has a half-life of 5 days.
|
IgM
|
|
|
|
This antibody is nick-named "the secret Ab".
(secretions) because the Ab secrets. |
IgA
|
hint=the secret grocery store.
|
|
|
This antibody is a Dimer, 10-15% in blood, in secretions, mucosal protection, half-life = 6 days.
|
IgA
|
hint= 5 and dimer.
|
|
|
This antibody is a monomer, .02% of serum, in blood, lymph, on B cells, initiate immune response, hlf-life=3 days.
|
IgD
|
|
|
|
This antibody is a MONOMER not a penta, .002% of serum, on mast cells and basophils, in blood, allergic reactions; lysis of parasitic worms, half-life = 2 days.
|
IgE
|
hint= alergEEE's and parasites
Eeeoooo |
|
|
If you suffer from allergies or have a parasytic worm this antibody count will be high in the blody.
|
IgE
|
|
|
|
Monocytes increase during ___ ___.
|
Viral infections.
|
hint= use monostat when viral yeast "infections" are high.
|
|
|
Lymphocytes are associated with __, __, and __ __ cells.
|
B, T, and NK cells.
|
|
|
|
Which "cell" secrets Ab?
|
"B" cells secret antibodies.
|
hint= Cell "B" is a secret.
|
|
|
T cells mediate ____.
|
Immunity.
|
|
|
|
NK cells are responsible for immuno ___.
|
Surveilance.
|
|
|
|
The body doesn't make Ab against itself. The process of destroying B and T cells that react to self antigens is called ___ ___.
|
Clonal deletion.
So the body doesn't make antibodies against itself. |
|
|
|
What is antibody titer?
|
It's the amount of Ab in serum.
more IgG but Igm produces 1st. |
|
|
|
These "stimulate" Th cells.
|
Interleukin-1
|
|
|
|
This immune system "increase" activity of macrophages.
|
Interferons.
|
hint= interferring with macrophages.
|
|
|
These "T cells activate" cells related to cell-mediated immunity.
|
Helper T cells (Th cells).
|
Hint= let me help you get activated.
|
|
|
These T cells destroy target cells with perforin (causes holes to form in a cell-perforation).
|
Cytotoxic T cells.
|
hint= Cyto like Cyclops.
|
|
|
These "T cells" are associated with allergic reaction, transplant rejection, and tuberculin skin test.
|
Delayed hypersensitivity T cells.
|
hint=
|
|
|
These T cells "turn off" immune response when Ag (antigens) are no longer present.
|
Suppressor T cells.
|
|
|
|
These Lymphocytes destroy virus-infected cells like tumors.
|
NK cells. Immuno-surveilance.
|
|
