A pathogen causes a disease only if it can (1) gain entry, either by penetrating the surface of the skin or by entering through some other portal of entry; (2) attach itself to a host cell and (3) evade the body’s defense mechanisms long enough to produce harmful changes. In this research paper, I will discuss the differences between innate and adaptive immunity along with the chemical and physical factors that are involve in these immunities.
It is easy to cluster the structures, cells, and chemicals that act against pathogens into two main lines of defense, each of which overlaps and reinforce each other. The first line of defense is composed chiefly of external physical barriers to pathogens, especially skin and mucous membranes. The second …show more content…
Which also brings me to adaptive immunity that is the body’s ability to recognize and then mount a defense against distinct invaders and their products (Bauman 2013). Adaptive immunity has five distinctive attributes: specificity, inducibility, clonality, unresponsiveness to self, and memory. Also it as two components antibodies and T-cells, Antibodies are proteins that are produced by B-cells, circulating in the blood and binding to antigens (substances that produce specific immune responses) on infectious agents. This interaction can result in direct inactivation of the microorganism or activation of variety of inflammatory mediators that will destroy the pathogens. This type of an immune response is humoral immunity. Also there is the T-cells that are subsets of lymphocytes they develop into several subpopulations of effector T-cells. Some develop into T-cytotoxic (Tc) cells that attack and kill targets directly. Also, Tc usually target cells infected with viruses. Also, Tc can stimulate the activity of other leukocytes through cell to cell contact. Also there is the T cell receptors (TCRs) for antigens and attack cells that harbor endogenous pathogens during cell-mediated immune response. Then there are two types of helper T cells Th1 and Th2 characterized as CD4, which direct cell-mediated and antibody immune responses. In addition, there are four types of ways to develop acquired immunity: naturally and artificially acquired passive immunity and naturally and artificially acquired active immunity. Naturally acquired passive immunity is the passing of material IgG to the fetus and the transmission of secretory IgA in milk to a baby. Artificially acquired passive immunity involves the administration of performed antibodies in antitoxins or antisera to a patient. Naturally acquired
It is easy to cluster the structures, cells, and chemicals that act against pathogens into two main lines of defense, each of which overlaps and reinforce each other. The first line of defense is composed chiefly of external physical barriers to pathogens, especially skin and mucous membranes. The second …show more content…
Which also brings me to adaptive immunity that is the body’s ability to recognize and then mount a defense against distinct invaders and their products (Bauman 2013). Adaptive immunity has five distinctive attributes: specificity, inducibility, clonality, unresponsiveness to self, and memory. Also it as two components antibodies and T-cells, Antibodies are proteins that are produced by B-cells, circulating in the blood and binding to antigens (substances that produce specific immune responses) on infectious agents. This interaction can result in direct inactivation of the microorganism or activation of variety of inflammatory mediators that will destroy the pathogens. This type of an immune response is humoral immunity. Also there is the T-cells that are subsets of lymphocytes they develop into several subpopulations of effector T-cells. Some develop into T-cytotoxic (Tc) cells that attack and kill targets directly. Also, Tc usually target cells infected with viruses. Also, Tc can stimulate the activity of other leukocytes through cell to cell contact. Also there is the T cell receptors (TCRs) for antigens and attack cells that harbor endogenous pathogens during cell-mediated immune response. Then there are two types of helper T cells Th1 and Th2 characterized as CD4, which direct cell-mediated and antibody immune responses. In addition, there are four types of ways to develop acquired immunity: naturally and artificially acquired passive immunity and naturally and artificially acquired active immunity. Naturally acquired passive immunity is the passing of material IgG to the fetus and the transmission of secretory IgA in milk to a baby. Artificially acquired passive immunity involves the administration of performed antibodies in antitoxins or antisera to a patient. Naturally acquired