Microbiology 13 - 2: Viruses

Front 1

Best known as a cause of paralysis; but this form affects fewer than 1% of those infected.

Back 1

Poliomyelitis (polio)

Front 2

Symptoms are usually headache, sore throat, fever, stiffness of back and neck; only found in humans.

Back 2

Poliomyelitis

Front 3

Transmitted by ingestion of "water" contaminated with feces.

Back 3

Poliomyelitis

Hint 3

Keyword=WATER

Front 4

The Salk (inactivated) and Sabin (oral) vaccines.

Back 4

Poliomyelitis

Front 5

Causes an acute, usually fatal, encephalitis; Virus multiplies in skeletal muscle and connective tissue;

Back 5

Rabies

Front 6

Symptoms: fever, general discomfort, headache, visual difficulties, painful throat spasms, convulsions, delirium, respiratory paralysis and death; incubation period of 60 days.

Back 6

Rabies

Front 7

Diagnosis: IFAT technique (immunofluorescent antibody test) identifies the presence of the virus antibodies in the brain: inclusion bodies (Negri):

Back 7

Rabies

Front 8

Symptoms usually appear between 30-50 days in humans. Treatment: globulin (rig) along with multiple intramuscular injections of vaccine.

Back 8

Rabies

Front 9

Two forms: furious and paralytic.

Back 9

Rabies

Front 10

Caused by mosquito-borne viruses;
symptoms: chills, headache, fever, and eventually coma;

Back 10

Arboviral encephalitis

Hint 10

hint="A"
"A" mosquito
"A" coma

Front 11

Most common form; occurs about every 10 years; most severe symptoms in elderly; transmitted mostly between mosquitoes, English sparrow, and humans.

Back 11

St.Louis Encephalitis.

Front 12

Most common childhood cancer in Africa; caused by Epstein-Barr (EB) virus; Symptoms: fast growing tumor of the jaw.
Can be successfully treated.

Back 12

Burkitt's lymphoma.

Hint 12

keyword=EB for Epstein-Barr. what can the B also stand for?
Larry ???

Front 13

Caused by Epstien-Barr virus; an acute disease that affects many systems: lymphatic tissues become inflamed; some liver cells become "necrotic and monocytes" accumulate in liver sinusoids.

Back 13

Infectious mononucleosis.

Hint 13

keyword= Necrotic and Monocytes.

Front 14

Mild symptoms - headache, fatigue, and malaise occur during the first 3 to 5 days and worsen as the disease progresses; about 80% of patients have a sore throat during the first week.

Back 14

Infectious mononucleosis.

Front 15

Disease is generally self-limiting and seldom fatal; recovery is usually complete in a few weeks and immunity is permanent; usual route of infection is by the transfer of saliva by kissing or by sharing drinking vessels Peak US incidence of disease occurs at about age 15-25.

Back 15

Infectious mononucleosis.

Front 16

Transmitted by mosquito, Aedes aegypti; Symptoms: fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomitting, jaundice, mortality rate about 20%;

Back 16

Yellow fever.

Hint 16

keyword=jaundice

Front 17

Endemic in many trapical areas; last outbreak in US occurred in Louisianna in 1905; no specific treatment and vaccine is available.

Back 17

Yellow fever.

Front 18

Transmitted by Aedes agypti mosquito; enemic to Caribbean and other tropical areas; 100 million cases occur each year; Symptoms: fever, severe muscle and joint pain, rash relatively mild and rarely fatal; painful symptoms have lead to "breakbone fever".

Back 18

Dengue fever.

Front 19

Monkey reservior is what viral hemorrhagic fever?

Back 19

Marburg.

Front 20

This viral hemorrhagic fever produces a mortality rate of about 90%; spread to humans by bodily fluidics of any kind.

Back 20

Ebola virus.

Front 21

Rodent reservoir; spread to humans by body fluidics. What is this viral hemorrhagic fever?

Back 21

Lassa fever.

Hint 21

Lassy fluids

Front 22

This viral hemorrhagic fever is associated with inhalation of ____ in dried urine from infected rodents.

Back 22

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.

Hint 22

soda=Fanta

Front 23

Approximately 200 different viruses can cause the common cold _____ and causes about 50% of all colds.

Back 23

Rhinoviruses.

Front 24

Symptoms included sneezing, nasal secretions, and congestion. Complications include sinus infection, lower respiratory tract infections, laryngitis, and otitis media (ear infections).

Back 24

Rhinovirus.

Front 25

Colds most often transmitted by indirect contact; incidences increase during cold weather, possibly because of increased interpersonal indoor contact.

Back 25

Rhinovirus.

Front 26

The most common cause of pneumonia in infants; nearly 100,000 hospitalized; about 4500 deaths annually, infants 2-6 months; epidemics occur during the winter and early spring.

Back 26

Viral pneumonia:
Repiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Front 27

Characterized by chills, fever, headache, and general muscular acheds; deaths during an epidemic are usually from secondary bacgterial infections; virus changes antigenic character rapidly, so there is limited immunity following recovery; multivalent vaccines are available for the elderly and other high rish groups; epidemic in 1918.

Back 27

Influenza.

Front 28

Enters and exits the body through the repiratory system; incubation perid is about 16-18 days; virus causes inflammation of the parotid glands (large saliva gland), fever, and pain during swallowing; in males 4-8 days orchitis may occur (testis swelling), Could lead to sterility; diagnosis based on symptoms or an ELISA test.

Back 28

Mumps.

Front 29

This is a form of "herpes" virus: causes intranuclear bodies; inclusion disease can be asymptomatic, a mild disease or progressive and fatal; immunosuppressed patients may develop pneumonia; "can" cause congenital development, neurological damage, and stillbirth; diagnonsis is based on isolation of the virus.

Back 29

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) inclusion disease.

Hint 29

Form of herpes but not herpes.

Front 30

Inflammation of the liver is called ____. Symptoms include loss of appetite, malaise, fever, and jaundice; viral causes include ____, EB virus, and CMV.

Back 30

Hepatitis.

Front 31

This virus is ingested in contaminated food or water, grows in the cells of the intestinal "nucosa", and spreads to the liver, kidneys, and spleen in the blood.

Back 31

Hepatitis "A" (HAV).

Front 32

The virus is contagious with feces-fecal-oral transmission. Incubation period is 2-6 weeks; period of disease is 2-21 days; recover is complete within 4-6 weeks. Diagnosis is based on tests for IgM antibodies; passive immunization can provide temporary protection; vaccine is available(unlike "E" which has no vaccine) and made from Horse anitgens; required for all food-handlers in MO. since July 2000.

Back 32

Hepatitis "A" (HAV).

Front 33

Serious disease transmitted by blood transfusions, contaminated syringes, saliva, sweat, breast milk, and semen. Average incubation period is 3 months; recovery is usually complete, but some patients develop a chronic infection or become carriers; vaccine is available.

Back 33

Hepatitis "B" (HBV).

Hint 33

keyword=Breast
Similar to "C" but transmission includes breat milk and sweat. "B" has a vaccine.

Front 34

Transmitted via blood, sex, IV drug use; incubation period is 2-22 weeks; the disease is usually mild, but some patients develp "chronic" ____. Blood is tested for its antibodies before being used in transfusions.

Back 34

Hepatitis "C". (HCV).

Hint 34

keyword=Chronic (capital "C")
Unlike "A"'s transmission through fecal/oral route and cannot fully recover.
"C" is chronic and transmitted blood, IV, sex...

Front 35

Transmitted by blood, must co-infect or super-infect with its "B" strain, can cross the placenta; incubation is 2-12 weeks, Severe, high mortality rate; carrier state can develop chronic liver disease.

Back 35

Hepatitis "D" (delta hepatitis).

Front 36

Spread by fecal-oral route; more common in adults than in children; incubation is 2-6 weeks; moderate to high "mortality rate" in pregnant woman; no carrier state; no chronic liver disease; no vaccine.

Back 36

Hepatitis "E".

Hint 36

Similar to "A" but high mortality rate.

Front 37

This virus is most often caused by a rotavirus of the Norwalk virus.

Back 37

Viral Gastroenteritis.

Hint 37

keyword= rotaVirus.
Norwalk=take a walk to the bathroom.

Front 38

symptoms of infection are painful urination, genital irritation, and fluid-filled vesicles;

Back 38

Genital Herpes.

Front 39

Neonatal ____ ____is contracted during fetal development or birth; it can result in neurological damage or infant fatalities.

Back 39

Genital Herpes.

Front 40

The virus might enter a latent stage in nerve cells; vesicles reappear following trauma and hormonal changes. Associated with cervical cancer; the drug acyclovir has proven effective in treating the symptoms of ____ ___but does not cure the disease.

Back 40

Genital Herpes.

Front 41

Papillomaviruses that cause ___ ____ have been associated with cancer of the cervix or penis.

Back 41

Genital warts.

Front 42

Human immuno-defciency virus; can be caused by at least two different types of human immunodeficiency viruses designated ..... Most cases in the US and Canada, and Europe are caused by ___1. While ___2 is most common in parts of West Africa.

Back 42

Aids/HIV
HIV1
HIV2

Front 43

HIV virus can last at room temperature in blood for ___.

Back 43

2 weeks.

Front 44

HIV will not become ____ in blood that is cooler than ___ degrees.

Back 44

inactivated
45 degrees

Front 45

HIV will not become inactive in a ____ due to the fact that it is a constant vaccum and there is no air passage.

Back 45

syringe

Front 46

Once ___ is completely dry the HIV virus is ____.

Back 46

blood,
inactive.

Front 47

There are ___ stages of AIDS.

Back 47

5 stages.
1- Incubation
2- Acute primary infection
3- Inactive period
4- Symptomatic period
5- Full blown AIDS

Front 48

First stage of AIDS is the ___ ___ which lasts 2 weeks to 6 months.
no symptoms,
test negative,
can transmit to others,
very susceptible to other viruses.

Back 48

Incubation period.

Front 49

Second stage of AIDS is the ___ ___ ____: Flu-like symptoms,
Slollen lymph glands, Test positive, can last 1 week to 2 months.

Back 49

Acute primary infection.

Hint 49

IAISF

Front 50

Third stage of AIDS is the ___ ____.
Lasts 1-15 years,
No apparent symptoms.

Back 50

Inactive period.

Front 51

Fourth stage of AIDS is the ____. Weakening of immune system,
Weight loss,
diarrhea,
swollen lymph glands,
flu-like symptoms,
fever.

Back 51

Symptomatic stage.

Front 52

Fifth stage of AIDS is ___ ___ ___.
Wasting syndrome,
very contagious,
death is certain.

Back 52

Full blown AIDS.

Front 53

Testing for HIV and AIDS are these 5 tests:

Back 53

SHEUW=
Saliva test
Home test
Elisa
Urine test
Western blot test

Front 54

List the four Viral Diseases of the Digestive system in alphbetical order.

Back 54

CHVM = chum bucket
1- Cytomegalovirus
2- Hepatitis: A-E.
3- Viral gastroenteritis.
4- Mumps

Hint 54

CHVM

Front 55

This virus causes inflammation of the parotid glands (saliva glands).

Back 55

Mumps.

Hint 55

Bumps
on side of neck

Front 56

85% of the populace have had this. If a female donates blood there's a chance her card will read, "CMV hero" meaning she never had it.

Back 56

Cytomegalovirus.

Front 57

These two Hepatitis viruses are transmitted through fecal/oral route.

Back 57

Hepatitis A and E.

Front 58

This immunization dose is based on the weight of the person.

Back 58

Hepatitis A.

Hint 58

Hint word= A weight of person.

Front 59

This immunization has antibodies taken from horses as they're not affected by this virus.

Back 59

Hepatitis A.

Hint 59

keyword=taken from "A" horse.
"A" is for Antigen.

Front 60

This immunization is taken from Saccharomyces (bakers yeast).

Back 60

Hepatitis B.

Hint 60

keyword= Baker's (Beer).

Front 61

This hepatitis has a severe; high mortality rate.

Back 61

Hepatitis D.

Front 62

This hepatitis can super-infect with Hepatitis B.

Back 62

Hepatitis D.

Front 63

Can AIDS be transmitted via inanimate objects like casual contaact, door knobs, seats, combs, brushes, jewelry?

Back 63

No.

Front 64

Some bodily fluids are more contagious than others when it comes to AIDS. List some that are highly contagious to least.

Back 64

Blood, genital secretions, bone marrow, urine, feces, nasal secretions.

Front 65

If AIDS blood is completely dry is the virus still active?

Back 65

No, it becomes inactive in dried blood. However, it can last up to 2 weeks in blood at room temperature and indefinitely in cooled blood or within a syringe (vaccuum).

Front 66

List the five stages of AIDS.

Back 66

IAISF
1- Incubation
2- Acute primary infection
3- Inactive period
4- Symptomatic
5- Full blown AIDS

Front 67

List two opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.

Back 67

1- Thrush
2- Koposi's sarcoma

Hint 67

TK

Front 68

List five tests for AIDS.

Back 68

SHEUW=
1- Saliva test
2- Home test
3- ELISA
4- Urine test
5- Western Blot test

Hint 68

SHEUW=

Front 69

IFAT technique (immunofluorescent antibody test) is used to test for ___.

Back 69

Rabies