Microbiology Chapter 15 - Pathogenicity

Front 1

The "ability" to cause disease is called ____.

Back 1

Pathogenicity.

Front 2

The "extent" of pathogenicity is called ____.

Back 2

Virulence.

Hint 2

keyword= Like a youtube video that goes ___.
"V" is for Vince.

Front 3

List three portals of entry of Pathogens.

Back 3

1- Mucous membranes.
2- skin
3- Parenteral route (punctures).

Hint 3

MS. P may enter.

Front 4

Exoenzymes produce ___ to ___ blood which protects a bacteria.

Back 4

Coagulase
coagulate

Hint 4

keyword=thins

Front 5

This exo-enzyme digests fibrin "clots".

Back 5

Kinases:
Streptokinase: clot buster used worldwide to reduce blood clots.

Hint 5

hint= knip-knop klots.

Front 6

What is the exo-enzyme that hydrolyses ____ acid.

Back 6

Hyaluronidase.

Hint 6

hint= hollar at Ron Tuesday.

Front 7

Which enzyme hydrolyzes collagen? Exo or Endo?

Back 7

Collagenase is produced by
Exoenzymes.

Front 8

This is generalized as a substance that "contributes" to pathogenicity.

Back 8

Toxin

Hint 8

hint= Since the topic is not mutagens then what is the hot topic?

Front 9

Something that shows the "ability" to produce a toxin is called ___.

Back 9

Toxigenicity.

Front 10

Presence of toxins in the blood is called ___.

Back 10

Toxemia.

Front 11

What is the name for those "vaccines" that can be used to "inactivate" toxins.

Back 11

Toxiod.

Hint 11

keyword=inactivate.
shutting down a robot.

Front 12

The name for antibodies "against" a specific toxin.

Back 12

Antitoxin.

Hint 12

keyword=against

Front 13

An endotoxin "source" is always ___ ____ while an exotoxin "source" is ___ ___.

Back 13

Endotoxin: Gram negative
Exotoxin: Gram positive

Hint 13

hint= +/-
keyword=source.
Are you "positive" of your source.

Front 14

The endotoxin's metabolic product is present in it's ___ while the exotoxin's metabolic product is a ____.

Back 14

Endo: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) CELL WALL.
Exo: By-products of growing cell. Inside the cell. DIFFUSE.

Hint 14

hint="L"
keyword=Metabolism =by-by food

Front 15

An endotoxin's chemistry mkae-up are ___ while the exotoxins chemistry make-up are ____. Not to be confused with it's metabolic make-up which is Cell wall or by-products.

Back 15

Endo: Lipids
Exo: proteins.

Hint 15

Endos fat
Exos muscle

Front 16

Do Endotoxins cause fever?
Do exotoxins cause fever?

Back 16

Endo. do cause fever.
Exo. do not cause fever.

Hint 16

Exotoxins are deceptable.
Endotoxins will just get you ill.

Front 17

Are Endotoxin neutralized by antitoxin?
Are Exotoxins neutralized by antitoxins?

Back 17

Endo: No, not neutralized.
Exo: Yes, they're neutralized.

Front 18

Is a lethal dose of Endotoxin large or small? How about Exotoxins?

Back 18

Endo: large amount
Exo: small amount is lethal.
Just one ounce of exotoxin, gram + Botulism can kill the world's entire populace.

Front 19

These are part of the "outer" membrane of the cell wall (lipid, gram negative bacteria). They are liberated when the bacteria die and the cell wall breaks apart.

Back 19

Endotoxins.
Cell wall.

Hint 19

keyword=outer membrane of cell wall.

Front 20

These are produced "inside" mostly gram positive bacteria as part of their growth and metabolism. They are then secreted or released following lysis into the surrounding medium.

Back 20

Exotoxins.
Inside the cell.

Hint 20

keywords=Inside;
secreted then released.

Front 21

Name three exotoxin diseases associated with Clostridium (gram positive ).

Back 21

1- Botulism
2- Diphtheria
3- Tetanus

Hint 21

BDT

Front 22

This produces a neurotoxin that "prevents the transmission of nerve impulses"; "flaccid paralysis" results.

Back 22

Botulism

Hint 22

hint= prevents transmission of nerve impulses thus floppy baby syndrome.

Front 23

This produces neurotoxin that blocks nerve impulses to muscle relaxation pathway; results in uncontrollable muscle "contractions".

Back 23

Tetanus

Hint 23

keyword= contractions.
Unlike Botulism which also effect the nerves and cause floppy baby syndrome.

Front 24

This Cytotoxin "inhibits" protein synthesis, especially in nerve, heart, and kidney cells.

Back 24

Diphtheria.

Hint 24

hint= Gotta dig deep to be unhibited.

Front 25

A disease associated with Staphylococcus aureus that produce an exotoxin that cause skin layers to separate and slough off.

Back 25

Staphylococcal:
Scalded skin syndrome.

Front 26

This "enterotoxin" from ____ cause secretion of large amounts of fluids and electrolytes that result in diarrhea. This is see mostly in 3rd world countries: Rice stools.

Back 26

Cholera (Vibrio cholera).

Hint 26

hint= Chloe is toxic.

Front 27

This enterotoxin causes secretion of large amounts of fluids and electrolytes that result in diarrhea from "E. coli and Shigella."

Back 27

Traveler's diarrhea.

Front 28

Two A components enter the cell via the same B. The A proteins cause shock and reduce the immune response; produced from Bacillus A.

Back 28

Anthrax.

Hint 28

hint= "A" components
"A" proteins
Bacillus "A"

Front 29

One exotoxin causes massive "red blood cell destruction" (hemolysis); another enterotoxin causes diarrhea;
both are produced by clostridium perfringens.

Back 29

Exotoxin: Gas gangrene
Enterotoxin: food poisoning.

Hint 29

hint= One of the listed diseases that cause red blood cells to die.

Front 30

"This enterotoxin causes secretion of fluids and electrolytes that results in diarrhea; cytotoxin "disrupts host cytoskeleton"; produced by Clostridium "difficile" not Clostridium p.

Back 30

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
AAD

Hint 30

hint= cytoskeleton.

Front 31

This enterotoxin causes secretion of fluids and electrolytes that results in diarrhea produced by Staphylococcus aureus.

Back 31

Food poisoning.
Clostridium peringenes. also cause food poisoning. Know the difference.

Hint 31

hint= Burrito bros.

Front 32

This toxin causes secretion of fluids and electrolytes from "capillaries" that decreases blood volume and lowers blood pressure produces by Staphylococcus aureus.

Back 32

Toxic shock syndrome.

Hint 32

keywords = capillaries.

Front 33

Name five disease that are Exotoxins in alphbetical order.

Back 33

1- Botulism
2- diphtheria
3- gas gangrene
4- scarlet fever
5- tetanus

Hint 33

BDGST
big dog ghost

Front 34

Name three diseases that are ENDOtoxins.

Back 34

1- Meningococcal meningitis
2- urinary tract infection
3- Typhoid fever

Hint 34

hint = MUT

Front 35

Which toxin can be destoyed by heat at 60-80 degrees?

Back 35

Exotoxin.
Gram positive.
Unlike an endotoxin which takes an hour in an autoclave.

Front 36

Which toxin can only be destroyed in using an autoclave for one hour?

Back 36

Endotoxin.
Because it has several layers of walls. Capsule.
Gram negatives have several layers to contend with. Unlike Gram positive Exotoxins.

Front 37

Which toxin may cause death and which may cause only illness and make you feel bad?

Back 37

Exotoxin will cause death.
Endotoxin will cause illness.

Front 38

This disease causes the pseudomembrane to swell. Left untreated it will cause suffocation.

Back 38

Diphtheria.

Hint 38

hint= Alternate membrane. Different membrane.

Front 39

Which disease has two notable signs: erthrogenic rash and strawberry tongue?

Back 39

Scarlet Fever.

Hint 39

hint= I don't know nothing bout raising children!

Front 40

On the provided list of diseases all of them are gram + save one. Which one is gram negative?

Back 40

Travelers diarrhea.

Front 41

This Ergot toxin may cause hallucinations.

Back 41

Claviceps.

Hint 41

hint= clapping trees

Front 42

This "neurotoxin" produced by dinoflagellates (red algae) causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.

Back 42

Saxitoxin.

Hint 42

hint= Dino is playing the blues on his saxophone.