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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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1 - The main energy source for most living cells.
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ATP - adenosine triphosphate.
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2 - These are the primary compounds that make up cell membranes.
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Phospholipids and proteins??
Gram + and - :Peptidoglycan Gram - : lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins. |
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3 - Composed of glycerol and fatty acids.
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Lipids (Fats)
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4 - "Genetic" material of cells.
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DNA or RNA but never both.
Nucleotides: sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen held together by a hydrogen bond. |
Keyword=genetic; what is genetic in a cell?
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5 - Antibodies and enzymes are examples of ____.
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Proteins.
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6 - The most important solvent in living cells is ____.
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Water.
Hydrogen. |
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7 - Insoluble in water; Sterioids are examples of ___.
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Fatty acids: Lipids.
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8 - DescribeD the structure of DNA.
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Watson and Crick
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9 - The major proponent of spontaneous generation.
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John Needham insisted in spontaneous generation.
Scientific community observed flies on meat. Pasteur proved otherwise. |
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10 - Father of microbiology; disproved spontaneous generation.
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Louis Pasteur
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11 - Discovered penicillin.
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Flems Pens.
Flemming. |
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12 - Discovered phagocytic cells.
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Mechnikov.
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13 - Developed the vaccination for smallpox.
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Jenner.
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14 - Responsible for the one enzyme/one protein theory.
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Beadle and Tatum.
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15 - First to associate a specific organism with a specific disease.
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Koch.
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16 - First to observe microorganisms.
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van Leeuwenhoek=microorganism.
however, Hooke first observed cells. |
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17 - First to use an antiseptic/disinfectant; carbolic acid.
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Lister.
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18 - Viruses that infect bacteria are called ___.
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Bacteriophage.
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19 - This type of gene transfer can transfer the most genetic material.
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Bacterial Conjugation..
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20 - DNA to mRNA is what?
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Transcription.
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21 - Genetic transfer involving "Naked DNA".
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Transduction is the transfer of DNA from one cell to another.
Nucleic acid? |
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22 - This type of enzymes are always present in the cell.
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Constituitive
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23 - Jumping Genes.
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Transposons
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24 - These enzymes are only present if the substrate is present.
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Inducible
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I've deduced that the substrate is needed for the enzyme to be present. If she's there I'll be there.
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25 - This is a base substitution mutation.
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Point or base substitution:
Missense, nonsense, Silent. |
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26 - These organisms are classified by locomotion.
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Protozoa.
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27 - Submicroscopic intracellular parasites.
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Viruses are submicroscopic intracellular parasites that consist of either RNA or DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)—never both.
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Smaller than bacteria and filterable.
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28 - These organisms reproduce by spores.
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Fungi.
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29 - These divide by binary fission.
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Bacteria.
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30 - These microbes have no cell wall, only a cell membrane.
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Protozoa have no cell walls and viruses are not considered cells so have no cell walls .
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31 - This causative agent of CJD is an infectious piece of "protein".
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Bovine disease
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CJ wears bo-bo's and climbs vines.
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32 - Infectious pieces of RNA that can cause some plant diseases.
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Prions
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33 - These organisms have a cell wall composed of Chitin.
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fungi.
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34 - These microbes are photosynthetic.
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Algae and cyanobacteria.
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35 - These microbes possess only on chromosome.
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Prokaryotes.
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36 - This virus is the most common cause of pneumonia in infants.
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RSV
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37 - Breakbone fever.
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Dengue fever.
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38 - This virus results in a slapped cheek appearance in children.
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Fifth disease.
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39 - This virus is often associated with cervical cancer.
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Genital warts - papollomis.
HPV Human Popllomis virus |
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40 - One must have chickenpox first to develop this infection.
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Shingles.
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41 - This virus is spread by inhalation of dried urine from infected rodents.
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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
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hint=soda, Fanta orange, Urine look.
Hand full of dried rodent urine. |
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42 - Coldsores.
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Herpes simplex.
Permanent houseguests. |
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43 - Vaccinations for this infection include Salk, Sabin, and OPV.
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Polio
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44 - Koplik spots are characteristic lesions of this infection.
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Measles (Rubeola).
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45 - This disease has been completely eradicated by vaccination in 1980.
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smallpox.
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46 - Negri bodies are characterisitic inclusion bodies of this virus.
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Rabies.
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47 - A salivary gland infection that can lead to sterility in postpubertal males.
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Mumps.
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48 - 121 C at 15 psi for 15 mins.
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Thermal death-point.
Autoclave. To kill even endospores. Every 15 min. 90% are killed. It is referred to as Thermal death-point. |
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49 - Another term for "cleaning".
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Sanitization.
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50 - 100 C.
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Pasteurized milk is brought to 100 degrees and can keep for a long periods of time without refridgeration if seal has not been broken.
Autoclave set to 100c will increase to 121c when adding 15 PSI. boiling water. |
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51 - 62c for 30 minutes.
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Pasteurized Milk.
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52 - This germicidal activity is about 260 nm.
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UV light is 260nm
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53 - Freeze-drying to preserve bacteria.
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Lipholization.
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54 - During this growth phase cells are metabolically active; preparing to divide.
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Lag phase:
Intense activity preparing for population growth but no increase yet. |
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55 - During this growth phase cell death is equal to cell multiplication.
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Stationary phase:
Period of equilibrium; microbial deaths balance poduction of new cells. |
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56 - Cyanobacteria are examples of this nutritional type.
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Photoautotrophs.
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57 - During this growth phase cells divide exponentially.
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Log phase:
Logarithmic or exponential, increase in population. |
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58 - Nitrifying bacteria are examples of this nutritional type.
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Chemoautotrophs
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59 - Most pathogens and normal microbiota are classified in this group.
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chemoheterotroph
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60 - This organism is an acidophile; causes gastric ulcers.
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Helicobacter pylori.
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61 - A gram negative bacillus; normal microbiota in the large intestine.
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E. Coli
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62 - These are gram positive cocci in clusters.
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Staphylococcus aureus????
Nosocomial infections? 34% of nosocomial infections stem from Gram positive cocci. |
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63 - The aerobic sporeformer genus.
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Genus: Bacillus
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64 - The genus of anaerobic sporeformers.
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Clostridium?
(pretty sure this is correct) |
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65 - Baker's yeast; produces alcohol by fermentation.
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saccharomyces cerevisiae
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66 - All members of this genus are acid-fast.
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Mycobacterium.
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67 - This is an example of an obligate halophile.
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halobacterium salinarium??
Requires salt up to 30%. (this is ONE example or is it the genus?) |
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68 - The yogurt bacteria.
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A probiotic = Lactobacillus acidophilus
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69 - This genus has no cell wall; a naturally occurring protoplast.
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Protozoa??... Genus: protist;
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria which lack a cell wall. |
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70 - The doorway to the Krebs cycle.
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Prepatory stage or Acetyl CoA. ?
Intermediate step/cycle |
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71 - Carbon dioxide + water
---> Glucose + water + oxygen. |
Photosynthesis???
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72 - This phase of cellular respiration takes place in the prokaryotic cell membrane.
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Electron transport chain.
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73 - Glucose ---> pyruvic acid
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Glycolysis.
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74 - An organism that cannot grow without oxygen.
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Obligate Aerobe.
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75 - These organisms require oxygen at a lower concerntration found in the atmosphere.
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Microaerophiles.
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76 - These microorganisms grow better at high temperatures.
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Thermophiles.
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77 - These organisms prefer oxygen but can ferment if oxygen is absent.
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Falcultative Anaerobes.
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78 - These are catalase negative organisms.
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Anaerobes.
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Everything has catalase thus when you put hydrogen peroxide on a wound it bubbles showing that catalase is present.
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79 - These organisms grow in the refridgerator.
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Psychrophiles
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80 - these organisms grow best at room temperature or body temperature.
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Mesophiles
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81 - Who was Semmelweiss?
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Advocated Hand washing.
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82 - What is recombinant DNA?
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Combining of DNA from two different sources.
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83 - What is the purpose of endospores?
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It's used as verification for killing steralization especially within autoclaves. The endospores area created when staple life nutrients are scarce in order to continue life.
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84 - What kind of chemical bonds hold organic molecules together?
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Covalent bond
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85 - Which bacteria are used to test the effectiveness of disinfectants?
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Salmonella cholera,
Pseudomonas aureus, Staph. aureus. |
S.P.S.
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86 - What is the pH of an acid? A base?
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Potential Hydrogen.
Less than 7 is an Acid. Greater than 7 is a Base. |
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87 - What is a chemically defined medium?
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Knowing the exact amounts and ingredients.
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88 - What is ethylene oxide?
What is it used for? |
Medical Sterilization - Kills endospores.
Sweet oder. used to sterilize substances that would be damaged by high temperature techniques such as pasteurization or autoclaving. |
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89 - What is a capnophile?
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Carbon dioxide loving.
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90- Which organisms are "Permanent house guests".
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cold sores = herpes simplex
Shingles = chickenpox and normal microbiota. |
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91 - What is a zoonosis?
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A disease that is transferable from an animal to a human.
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92 - What caused the pandemic of 1918 that killed more people than WW1?
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Influenza.
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93 - What bacteria is used in the Ames Test?
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Salmonella to detect Histones.
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94 - What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive enzymes?
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Competitive bind to enzyme preventing substrate from adhering to same specified area.
Noncompetitive bind to a separate area causing the enzyme to alter it's shape so that it prevents a substrate from binding. |
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95 - What is monotrichous? How many flagella?
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bacteria containing one flagella.
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96 - What are the examples of teratogens we studied?
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Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Rubella |
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97 - How can you grow viruses?
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1 - bacteriophages mixed in
2 - nutrient agar with 3 - host bacteria |
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98 - How is hepatitis A transmitted?
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Through fecal/oral route.
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99 - What is the most severe type of hepatitis?
Has the highest mortality rate? |
Hepatitis D
severe high mortality rate |
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100 - Which type of bacteria has a lipoplysaccharide outer membrane.. gram + or gram -?
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Gram - has the multi-layers of cells walls including the lipopolysaccharide and produce Endotoxins.
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