Medical Definitions Chap.16

Front 1

Adipocyte

Back 1

Fat cell

Front 2

Albinism

Back 2

Condition of the skin deficient in pigment (melanin)

Front 3

Basal layer

Back 3

Deepest region of the epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells

Front 4

Apocrine sweat gland

Back 4

One of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas. It secretes sweat that, in action we bacteria, is responsible for human body odour

Front 5

Collagen

Back 5

Structural protein found in skin and connective tissue

Front 6

Cuticle

Back 6

Band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate

Front 7

Dermis

Back 7

Middle layer of the skin

Front 8

Eccrine sweat gland

Back 8

Most numerous sweat producing exocrine gland in the skin

Front 9

Epidermis

Back 9

Outermost layer of the skin

Front 10

Epithelium

Back 10

Layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body

Front 11

Hair follicle

Back 11

Sac within which each hair grows

Front 12

Integumentary system

Back 12

The skin and it's accessory structures such as hair and nails

Front 13

Keratin

Back 13

Hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails. Keratin means horn and commonly is found in the horns of animals

Front 14

Lunula

Back 14

Half-Moon shaped, whitish area at the base of the nail

Front 15

Melanin

Back 15

Skin pigment. It is formed by melanocytes in the epidermis. Eumelanin is brown-black pigment, where is pheomelanin is red-yellow

Front 16

Paronychium

Back 16

Soft tissue surrounding the nail border

Front 17

Pore

Back 17

Tiny opening on the surface of the skin

Front 18

Sebaceous gland

Back 18

Oil secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles

Front 19

Sebum

Back 19

Oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

Front 20

Squamous epithelium

Back 20

Flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis

Front 21

Stratified

Back 21

Arranged in layers

Front 22

Stratum (plural: strata)

Back 22

A layer (of cells)

Front 23

Stratum corneum

Back 23

Outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells

Front 24

Subcutaneous layer

Back 24

Innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue

Front 25

Adip/o

Back 25

Fat

Front 26

Albin/o

Back 26

White white

Front 27

Caus/o

Back 27

Burn, burning

Front 28

Cauter/o

Back 28

Heat, burn

Front 29

Cutane/o

Back 29

Skin

Front 30

Derm/o Dermat/o

Back 30

Skin

Front 31

Diaphor/o

Back 31

Profuse sweating

Front 32

Erythem/o Erythemat/o

Back 32

Redness

Front 33

Hidr/o

Back 33

Sweat

Front 34

Ichthy/o

Back 34

Dry, Scaly

Front 35

Kerat/o

Back 35

Hard

Front 36

Leuk/o

Back 36

White

Front 37

Lip/o

Back 37

Fat

Front 38

Melan/o Anthrac/o

Back 38

Black

Front 39

Myc/o

Back 39

Fungus (fungi include yeast, molds, and mushrooms)

Front 40

Onych/o

Back 40

Nail

Front 41

Phyt/o

Back 41

Plant

Front 42

Pil/o

Back 42

Hair, hair follicle

Front 43

Py/o

Back 43

Pus

Front 44

Rhytid/o

Back 44

Wrinkle

Front 45

Seb/o

Back 45

Sebum (oily secretion from sebaceous glands)

Front 46

Squam/o

Back 46

Scale-like

Front 47

Trich/o

Back 47

Hair

Front 48

Ungu/o

Back 48

Nail

Front 49

Xanth/o Jaund/o Lute/o

Back 49

Yellow

Front 50

Xer/o

Back 50

Dry

Front 51

Chlor/o

Back 51

Green

Front 52

Cirrh/o

Back 52

Tawny yellow

Front 53

Cyan/o

Back 53

Blue

Front 54

Eosin/o

Back 54

Rosy

Front 55

Erythr/o

Back 55

Red

Front 56

Poli/o

Back 56

Grey

Front 57

Crust

Back 57

Collection of dried serum and cellular debris

Front 58

Cyst

Back 58

Thick-walled, closed Sac or pouch containing fluid or semi-solid material

Front 59

Erosion

Back 59

Wearing away or loss of epidermis

Front 60

Fissure

Back 60

Groove or crack-like sore

Front 61

Macule

Back 61

Flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter

Front 62

Nodule

Back 62

Solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter

Front 63

Papule

Back 63

Small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin

Front 64

Pustule

Back 64

Papule containing pus

Front 65

Ulcer

Back 65

Open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper erosion)

Front 66

Vesicle

Back 66

Small collection of clear fluid (serum); blister.

Front 67

Wheal

Back 67

Smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is centrally redder than the surrounding skin

Front 68

Alopecia

Back 68

Absence of hair from areas where it normally grows

Front 69

Ecchymosis

Back 69

Bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin

Front 70

Petechia

Back 70

Small, pinpoint hemorrhage

Front 71

Pruritus

Back 71

Itching

Front 72

Acne

Back 72

Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum

Front 73

Burns

Back 73

Injury to tissues caused by heat contact, first degree burns: superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia and no blisters, second-degree burns: (partial thickness burn injury) epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia. Wound is painful and very sensitive to touch and air currents, third degree burns: (full thickness burn injury) epidermis and dermis are destroyed (necrosis of skin), and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving chard, white tissue. The wound itself is insensate (patient does not respond to pin prick)

Front 74

Cellulitis

Back 74

Diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

Front 75

Eczema

Back 75

Inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papulosquamous lesions

Front 76

Exanthematous viral diseases

Back 76

Rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection

Front 77

Gangrene

Back 77

Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

Front 78

Impetigo

Back 78

Bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted over lesions

Front 79

Psoriasis

Back 79

Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery grey scales

Front 80

Scabies

Back 80

Contagious, parasitic infection the skin with intense pruritus

Front 81

Scleroderma

Back 81

Chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue

Front 82

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Back 82

Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs

Front 83

Tinea

Back 83

Infection of the skin caused by a fungus

Front 84

Urticaria (hives)

Back 84

Acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin

Front 85

Vitiligo

Back 85

Loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches)

Front 86

Callus

Back 86

Increase growth of cells in the Keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction

Front 87

Keloid

Back 87

Access hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision

Front 88

Keratosis

Back 88

Thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage

Front 89

Leukoplakia

Back 89

White, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma)

Front 90

Nevus

Back 90

Pigmented lesion of the skin

Front 91

Verruca

Back 91

Epidermal growth (wart) caused by virus

Front 92

Basal cell carcinoma

Back 92

Malignant tumour of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

Front 93

Squamous cell carcinoma

Back 93

Malignant tumour of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis

Front 94

Malignant melanoma

Back 94

Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes

Front 95

Kaposi sarcoma

Back 95

Malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules

Front 96

Bacterial analyses

Back 96

Samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms

Front 97

Fungal tests

Back 97

Scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic identification of fungal infection

Front 98

Cryosurgery

Back 98

Use of sub-freezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue

Front 99

Curettage

Back 99

Use of a Sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion

Front 100

Electrodessication

Back 100

Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric Spark

Front 101

Mohs surgery

Back 101

Thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined microscopically to check for adequate extent of the resection

Front 102

Skin biopsy

Back 102

Suspicious skin lesions are removed or sampled and examined microscopically by a pathologist

Front 103

Skin test

Back 103

Substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed

Front 104

Causalgia

Back 104

Intensely unpleasant burning sensation in skin and muscles when there is damage to nerves

Front 105

Electrocautery

Back 105

An instrument containing a needle or blade used during surgery to burn to the tissue by means of an electrical current. Electrocauterization is very effective in minimizing blood loss

Front 106

Epidermoid

Back 106

An epidermoid cyst is a collection of keratinous debris within the epidermis

Front 107

Dermabrasion

Back 107

Abrasion means a scraping away. Dermabrasion using a sandpaper like material removes acne scars and fine wrinkles

Front 108

Epidermolysis

Back 108

Loosening of the epidermis with the development of large blisters; occurs after injury, or with blister producing diseases

Front 109

Diaphoresis

Back 109

Sweating

Front 110

Erythema

Back 110

Flushing; widespread redness of the skin.

Front 111

Ichthyosis

Back 111

This is usually a hereditary condition in which the skin is dry, rough, and scaly (resembling fish scales) because of a defect in keratinisation. Ichthyosis also can be acquired, appearing with malignancies such as lymphomas and multiple myeloma

Front 112

Liposuction

Back 112

Removal of subcutaneous fat tissue through a tube that is introduced into the fatty area via a small incision. The fat is aspirated (suctioned out)

Front 113

Melanoma

Back 113

Malignant skin tumour

Front 114

Mycosis

Back 114

An example of mycosis fungal infection is tinea pedis, commonly called (athlete's foot) another fungal infection is tinea corporis (ringworm)

Front 115

Onycholysis

Back 115

Separation of the nail plate from the nail bed in fungal infections or after trauma. Onycholysis is often seen in Psoriasis

Front 116

Onychomycosis

Back 116

Fungal infection of the nails, which become white, opaque, thick, and brittle

Front 117

Paronychia

Back 117

Par means beside or near. Paronychia is inflammation and swelling of the soft tissue around the nail and is associated with torn cuticles or ingrown nails

Front 118

Pilosebaceous

Back 118

Sebace/o indicates a gland that secretes sebum. The pilosebaceous unit is the combination of the hair follicle and attached sebaceous gland

Front 119

Pyoderma

Back 119

Pus within the skin impetigo is a purulent skin disease caused by a bacterial infection

Front 120

Rhytidectomy

Back 120

Cosmetic plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and excess skin; also called rhytidoplasty or facelift. Laser treatments, botox cosmetic (purified botulinum toxin) injections, and injectable fillers are used to soften facial lines and wrinkles

Front 121

Seborrhea

Back 121

Excessive secretion from sebaceous glands. Seborrheic dermatitis commonly is known as dandruff

Front 122

Xanthoma

Back 122

Nodules develop Under the Skin owing to excess lipid deposits and can be associated with a high cholesterol level. A xanthoma that appears on the eyelid is a xanthelasma (-elasma = a flat plate)

Front 123

Xerosis

Back 123

This is very dry skin

Front 124

Ec-

Back 124

Out

Front 125

Chym/o

Back 125

Pour