Medical Definitions Chap.13

Front 1

Albumin

Back 1

Major protein in the blood to; regulates the amount of water in the blood

Front 2

Antibody

Back 2

A specific protein released by B cells to fight antigens, immunoglobulin which is released in the presence of bacteria virus and other antigens, a antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it

Front 3

Antigen

Back 3

A substance that the body deems as foreign, and evokes a response, an antigen is a protein or protein fragment found on the surface of bacteria viruses and inplanted tissue

Front 4

Basophil

Back 4

White blood cell whose granules stain blue, with basic dye, associated with the release of histamine and heparin, the suffix -phil means attraction to.

Front 5

Bilirubin

Back 5

Yellow orange pigment in the bile, forms from the breakdown of hemoglobin and the destruction of red blood cells

Front 6

Coagulation

Back 6

Blood clotting

Front 7

Colony stimulating Factor

Back 7

Protein factors that stimulates the growth and differentiation of forming blood cells, granulocytes CSF, thrombopoietin, erythropoietin

Front 8

Differentiation

Back 8

Change in structure and function of a cell when it matures; specialization

Front 9

Electrophoresis

Back 9

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size

Front 10

Eosinophil

Back 10

White blood cell whose granules stain red; associated with allergic reactions

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Erythroblast

Back 11

An immature red blood cell

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Erythrocyte

Back 12

Red blood cell, 5 million in 1 cubic millimetre

Front 13

Erythropoietin

Back 13

Hormone secreted by the kidneys, stimulates the formation of new red blood cells

Front 14

Fibrin

Back 14

Protein that forms the basis of blood clotting

Front 15

Fibrogen

Back 15

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the blood clotting process

Front 16

Globulin

Back 16

Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma, immune globulin are samples

Front 17

Granulocyte

Back 17

White blood cell with cytoplasmic granules, Eosinophil, Basophil, and neutrophil

Front 18

Hematopoietic stem cell

Back 18

A cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to any type of blood cell

Front 19

Hemoglobin

Back 19

Blood protein contains iron, carries oxygen in red blood cells

Front 20

Immune reaction

Back 20

Response of the immune system against a foreign invasion

Front 21

Immunoglobulin

Back 21

Protein a globulin with antibody activity, produced by a plasma cell a mature b-cell in the presence of an antigen, g a m e d

Front 22

Leukocyte

Back 22

White blood cell

Front 23

Lymphocyte

Back 23

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies to fight disease

Front 24

Macrophage

Back 24

A monocyte that migrates from blood to tissue spaces, it engulfs foreign substances and debris, in the liver spleen and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells and engulf bacteria and other harmful organisms, large phagocyte that destroys worn-out rbc's and foreign materials

Front 25

Megakaryocyte

Back 25

A large precursor platelet cell in the bone marrow

Front 26

Monocyte

Back 26

A leukocyte with one large nucleus, it engulfs foreign material and debris, a monocyte becomes a macrophage when it migrates from the blood to the tissue spaces

Front 27

Mononuclear

Back 27

Pertaining to a cell leukocyte with a single-round nucleus, lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes

Front 28

Myeloblast

Back 28

An immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes

Front 29

Neutrophil

Back 29

Granulocytic leukocyte formed in the bone marrow, a phagocytic tissue fighting cell, also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte

Front 30

Plasma

Back 30

Liquid portion of the blood; contains water, protein, salt, nutrients, wastes, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

Front 31

Plasmapheresis

Back 31

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood, selected cells are re-transfused back into the donor. Fresh frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma, A centrifuge spins blood to remove plasma from other parts of blood

Front 32

Platelet

Back 32

Small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

Front 33

Polymorphonuclear

Back 33

Pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus, neutrophil

Front 34

Prothrombin

Back 34

Plasma protein that is converted to thrombin bring in the clotting process

Front 35

Reticulocyte

Back 35

Immature erythrocyte. A network reticulum of strands is seen after staining the cell with special dyes

Front 36

Rh factor

Back 36

Antigen on red blood cells of RH positive individuals, was first discovered in the blood of a rhesus monkey

Front 37

Serum

Back 37

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from the blood when is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein coagulation factors

Front 38

Stem cell

Back 38

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells

Front 39

Thrombin

Back 39

Enzyme that converts fibrogen into fibrin in the coagulation process

Front 40

Thrombocyte

Back 40

Platelet

Front 41

Bas/o

Back 41

Base (alkaline, the opposite of acid)

Front 42

Chrom/o

Back 42

Colour

Front 43

Coagul/o

Back 43

Clotting

Front 44

Cyt/o

Back 44

Cell

Front 45

Eosin/o

Back 45

Red, Dawn, Rosy

Front 46

Erythr/o

Back 46

Red

Front 47

Granul/o

Back 47

Granules

Front 48

Hem/o Hemat/o

Back 48

Blood

Front 49

Hemoglobin/o

Back 49

Hemoglobin

Front 50

Is/o

Back 50

Same, equal

Front 51

Kary/o

Back 51

Nucleus

Front 52

Leuk/o

Back 52

White

Front 53

Mon/o

Back 53

One, single

Front 54

Morph/o

Back 54

Shape, form

Front 55

Myel/o

Back 55

Bone marrow

Front 56

Nuetr/o

Back 56

Neutral, not base or acid

Front 57

Phag/o

Back 57

East, Swallow

Front 58

Poikil/o

Back 58

Varied, irregular

Front 59

Sider/o

Back 59

Iron

Front 60

Spher/o

Back 60

Globe, round

Front 61

Thromb/o

Back 61

Clot

Front 62

-apheresis

Back 62

Removal, a carrying away

Front 63

-blast

Back 63

Immature, embryonic cell

Front 64

-cytosis

Back 64

Abnormal cell condition, increasing cells

Front 65

-emia

Back 65

Blood condition

Front 66

-gen

Back 66

Giving rise to, producing

Front 67

-Globin -Globulin

Back 67

Protein

Front 68

-lytic

Back 68

Pertaining to; destruction

Front 69

-oid

Back 69

Derive, relating to, originating from

Front 70

-penia

Back 70

Deficiency

Front 71

-phage

Back 71

Eating, swallowing

Front 72

-philia

Back 72

Attracted for, increase number of cells

Front 73

-phoresis

Back 73

Transmission, carrying

Front 74

-poiesis

Back 74

Formation

Front 75

-stasis

Back 75

Control, stop

Front 76

Anemia

Back 76

Deficiency in hemoglobin and erythrocytes

Front 77

Aplastic anemia

Back 77

Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

Front 78

Hemolytic anemia

Back 78

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Front 79

Sickle cell anemia

Back 79

Hereditary disorder, abnormal hemoglobin produce Sickle Cell erythrocytes and hemolysis

Front 80

Thalassemia

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Hereditary disorder, the production of abnormal hemoglobin resulting in hypochromia

Front 81

Pernicious anemia

Back 81

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B13 into the bloodstream

Front 82

Hemochromatosis

Back 82

Excess iron deposits throughout the body

Front 83

Polycythemia vera

Back 83

General increase in red blood cells (erythremia)

Front 84

Hemophilia

Back 84

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors 8 or 9 necessary for blood clotting

Front 85

Purpura

Back 85

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the surface of skin

Front 86

Leukaemia

Back 86

Increase in Malignant tumours arising in white blood cells leukocytes

Front 87

Granulocytosis

Back 87

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

Front 88

Mononucleosis

Back 88

Infectious, viral disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Front 89

Multiple myeloma

Back 89

Malignant neoplasm in the bone marrow

Front 90

Antiglobulin (Coombs) test

Back 90

Test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damaged erythrocytes

Front 91

Complete blood count (CBC)

Back 91

Determination of the number of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values - MCH, MCV, MCHC

Front 92

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Back 92

Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

Front 93

Hematocrit (Hct)

Back 93

Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

Front 94

Hemoglobin test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)

Back 94

Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

Front 95

Platelet count

Back 95

Number of platelets per cubic millimetre or microliter of blood

Front 96

Prothrombin time (PT)

Back 96

Cassidy ability of blood to clot

Front 97

Total blood cell count (RBC)

Back 97

Number of a regional sites per cubic millimetre or microliter of blood

Front 98

Red blood cell morphology

Back 98

Microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

Front 99

White blood cell count (WBC)

Back 99

Number of leukocytes per cubic millimetre or microliter of blood

Front 100

White blood cell differential [count]

Back 100

Percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood

Front 101

Apheresis

Back 101

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood

Front 102

Blood transfusion

Back 102

Whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and Infused into a patient

Front 103

Bone marrow biopsy

Back 103

Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

Front 104

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Back 104

Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient

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Hypochromic

Back 105

Hypochromic anemia is marked by a decreased concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells

Front 106

Hemolysis

Back 106

Destruction or breakdown of red blood cells

Front 107

Hematocrit

Back 107

The suffix -crit means to separate. Of the hematocrit gives a percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood

Front 108

Anisocytosis

Back 108

An abnormality of red blood cells; they are of unequal (anis/o) size; -cytosis means an increase in the number of cells

Front 109

Myelodysplasia

Back 109

This is a preleukemic condition

Front 110

Poikilocytosis

Back 110

Irregularity in the shape of red blood cells. Poikilocytosis occurs in certain types of anemia

Front 111

Spherocytosis

Back 111

In this condition, the erythrocyte has a round shape, making the cell fragile and easily able to be destroyed

Front 112

Plateletpheresis

Back 112

Platelets are removed from the donor's blood and used in a patient, and the remainder of the blood is re-infused into the donor

Front 113

Macrocytosis

Back 113

Macrocytes are erythrocytes that are larger (macro-) than normal

Front 114

Microcytosis

Back 114

Erythrocytes are smaller (micro-) than normal

Front 115

Thrombolytic therapy

Back 115

Used to dissolve clots

Front 116

Myeloid

Back 116

Myeloid progenitor cells give rise to developing a erythrocytes, platelets, granulocytes, and monocytes

Front 117

Lymphoid

Back 117

Lymphoid progenitor cells in bone marrow give rise to developing lymphocytes

Front 118

Erythropoiesis

Back 118

Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to stimulate erythrocyte formation

Front 119

Anisocytosis

Back 119

Cells that are unequal in size

Front 120

Hypochromia

Back 120

Cells that have reduced colour (less hemoglobin)

Front 121

Spherocytosis

Back 121

Cells are spherical (loss of normal concave shape)

Front 122

Dyscrasia

Back 122

Blood disease

Front 123

Pancytopenia

Back 123

Deficiency of all (blood) cells

Front 124

Intrinsic factor

Back 124

Substance normally found in gastric stomach juice that helps absorption of vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

Front 125

Petechiae

Back 125

Small pinpoint Hemorrhage under the skin

Front 126

Ecchymosis

Back 126

Bleeding into the skin, a bruise

Front 127

Acute myeloid (myelocytic) leukemia (AML)

Back 127

Immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominate. Platelets and erythrocytes are diminished because of infiltration and replacement of the bone marrow by large number of myeloblasts

Front 128

Acute lymphoid (lymphocytic) leukaemia (ALL)

Back 128

Immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) predominate. This form is seen most often in Children and adolescents; onset is sudden

Front 129

Chronic myeloid (myelocytic) leukemia (CML)

Back 129

Both mature and immature granulocytes are present in large numbers in the marrow and blood. This is a slowly Progressive illness with which patients (often adults older than 55) may live for many years without encountering life-threatening problems. New therapies such as the drug Gleevec Target abnormal proteins responsible for malignancy and produce long-term control

Front 130

Chronic lymphoid (lymphocytic) leukemia (CLL)

Back 130

Abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. This most common form of leukemia usually occurs in the elderly and follows a slowly Progressive course. It often does not require immediate treatment