Medical Definitions Chap.8

Front 1

Adnexa Uteri

Back 1

Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments

Front 2

Amnion

Back 2

Innermost membrane surrounding the embryo and fetus

Front 3

Areola

Back 3

Dark pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple

Front 4

Bartholin glands

Back 4

Small mucus secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice opening to the outside of the body

Front 5

Cervix

Back 5

Lower, neck like portion of the uterus

Front 6

Chorion

Back 6

Outermost membrane surrounding the embryo and fetus; it forms the fetal part of the placenta

Front 7

Clitoris

Back 7

Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra

Front 8

Coitus

Back 8

Sexual intercourse; copulation.

Front 9

Corpus luteum

Back 9

Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell; literally means a yellow (luteum) body (corpus)

Front 10

Cul-de-sac

Back 10

Region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus

Front 11

Embryo

Back 11

Stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks

Front 12

Endometrium

Back 12

Inner, mucous membrane lining the uterus

Front 13

Estrogen

Back 13

Hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics

Front 14

Fallopian tube

Back 14

One of a pair of ducks through which the ovum travels to the uterus; also called the oviduct

Front 15

Fertilization

Back 15

Union of the sperm and ovum from which the embryo develops

Front 16

Fetus

Back 16

Stage in prenatal development from 8 weeks to birth

Front 17

Fimbriae or Fimbria

Back 17

Finger or Fringe like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes

Front 18

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 18

Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)

Front 19

Gamete

Back 19

Male or female sexual reproductive cell sperm cell or ovum

Front 20

Genitalia

Back 20

Reproductive organs also called the genitals

Front 21

Gestation

Back 21

Time period from fertilization of the ovum to birth; pregnancy

Front 22

Gonad

Back 22

Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary and testes

Front 23

Gynecology

Back 23

Study of the female reproductive organs, including the breast

Front 24

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Back 24

Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

Front 25

Hymen

Back 25

Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina

Front 26

Labia

Back 26

Lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips

Front 27

Lactiferous ducts

Back 27

Tubes that carry milk from the mammary glands for the nipple

Front 28

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Back 28

Secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation

Front 29

Mammary papilla

Back 29

Nipple of the breast. A papilla is any small nipple shaped projection

Front 30

Menarche

Back 30

Beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce

Front 31

Menopause

Back 31

Gradual ending of menstruation

Front 32

Menstration

Back 32

Monthly shedding of the uterine lining. The flow of Blood and Tissue normally discharged during menstruation is called the menses

Front 33

Myometrium

Back 33

Muscular layer of the uterus

Front 34

Neonatology

Back 34

Study of the medical care of a newborn

Front 35

Obstetrics

Back 35

Branch of medicine and surgery concerned with pregnancy and childbirth

Front 36

Orifice

Back 36

An opening

Front 37

Ovarian follicle

Back 37

Developing Sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary.

Front 38

Ovary

Back 38

One of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis. Ovaries are almond-shaped, about the size of large wallnuts, and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones

Front 39

Ovulation

Back 39

Release of the ovum from the ovary

Front 40

Ovum

Back 40

Mature egg cell (female gamete). ova develop from immature egg cells called oocytes

Front 41

Parturition

Back 41

Act of giving birth

Front 42

Perimetrium

Back 42

Outermost layer of the uterus; uterine serosa

Front 43

Perineum

Back 43

In females, the area between the anus and the vagina

Front 44

Pituitary gland

Back 44

Endoctrine gland at the base of the brain. It produces hormones that stimulate the ovaries. The pituitary gland also regulates other endocrine organs

Front 45

Placenta

Back 45

Vascular organ attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy. It permits the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and Fetal waste products between mother and fetus

Front 46

Pregnancy

Back 46

Gestation

Front 47

Progesterone

Back 47

Hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women

Front 48

Puberty

Back 48

Period of adolescent development at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced

Front 49

Uterus

Back 49

Hollow pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs. The upper portion is the Fundus; the middle portion is the Corpus; and the lowermost, neck like portion is the Cervix

Front 50

Vagina

Back 50

Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body

Front 51

Vulva

Back 51

External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, vaginal orifice

Front 52

Zygote

Back 52

Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation up to two weeks

Front 53

Amni/o

Back 53

Amnion

Front 54

Bartholin/o

Back 54

Bartholin gland

Front 55

Cervic/o

Back 55

Cervix, neck

Front 56

Chori/o, Chorion/o

Back 56

Chorion

Front 57

Colp/o

Back 57

Vagina

Front 58

Culd/o

Back 58

Cul-de-sac

Front 59

Episi/o

Back 59

Vulva

Front 60

Galact/o

Back 60

Milk

Front 61

Gynec/o

Back 61

Woman, Female

Front 62

Gynec/o

Back 62

Woman, Female

Front 63

Hyster/o

Back 63

Uterus, womb

Front 64

Lact/o

Back 64

Milk

Front 65

Mamm/o Mast/o

Back 65

Breast

Front 66

Men/o

Back 66

Menses, Menstration

Front 67

Metr/o Metri/o

Back 67

Uterus

Front 68

My/o Myom/o

Back 68

Muscle, Muscle tumor

Front 69

Nat/i

Back 69

Birth

Front 70

Obstetr/o

Back 70

Pregnancy and childbirth

Front 71

O/o ov/o ovul/o

Back 71

Egg

Front 72

Oophor/o Ovari/o

Back 72

Ovary

Front 73

Perine/o

Back 73

Perineum

Front 74

Phor/o

Back 74

To bear

Front 75

Salping/o

Back 75

Fallopian tubes

Front 76

Uter/o

Back 76

Uterus

Front 77

Vagin/o

Back 77

Vagina

Front 78

Vulv/o

Back 78

Vulva

Front 79

-arche

Back 79

Beginning

Front 80

-cyesis

Back 80

Pregnancy

Front 81

-gravida

Back 81

Pregnant

Front 82

-parous

Back 82

Bearing, bringing, forth

Front 83

-rrhea

Back 83

Discharge

Front 84

-salpinx

Back 84

Fallopian (uterine) tube

Front 85

-tocia

Back 85

Labor, birth

Front 86

-version

Back 86

Act of turning

Front 87

Dys-

Back 87

Painful

Front 88

Endo- Intra-

Back 88

Within

Front 89

In-

Back 89

In

Front 90

Multi-

Back 90

Many

Front 91

Nulli-

Back 91

No, not, none

Front 92

Pre-

Back 92

Before

Front 93

Primi-

Back 93

First

Front 94

Retro-

Back 94

Backward

Front 95

Cervical cancer (carcinoma of the cervix)

Back 95

Malignant cells within the cervix.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause.

(Read definition; page: 258)

Front 96

Cervicitis

Back 96

Inflammation of the cervix

Front 97

Endometrial cancer (carcinoma of the endometrium)

Back 97

Malignant tumour of the uterine lining (adenocarcinoma)

Front 98

Endometriosis

Back 98

Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

Front 99

Fibroids

Back 99

Benign tumours in the uterus

Front 100

Ovarian cancer

Back 100

Malignant tumour of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)

Front 101

Ovarian cysts

Back 101

Fluid-filled sacs within the ovary

Front 102

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Back 102

Inflammation and infection of the organs in the pelvis and abdomen; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis.

Front 103

Breast cancer

Back 103

Malignant tumour of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)

Read definition: Page 262

Front 104

Fibrocystic breast disease

Back 104

Numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in the breast

Front 105

Abruptio placentae

Back 105

Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta

Front 106

Choriocarcinoma

Back 106

Malignant tumour of the placenta

Front 107

Ectopic pregnancy

Back 107

Implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterus

Front 108

Multiple gestations

Back 108

Presence of more than one embryo developing in the uterus during pregnancy

Front 109

Placenta previa

Back 109

Implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus

Front 110

Preeclampsia

Back 110

Abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache.

Front 111

Apgar score

Back 111

Is a system of scoring an infant's physical condition at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes after birth

Heart rate, respiration, colour, muscle tone, and response to stimuli

Front 112

Down syndrome

Back 112

Chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) results in mental retardation, retarded growth, and a flat faced with a short nose, low set ears, and slanted eyes

Front 113

Hemolytic disease in the newborn (HDN)

Back 113

Destruction of red blood cells in the newborn caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus

Front 114

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

Back 114

Acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn

Front 115

Hydrocephalus

Back 115

Acclamation of fluid in the spaces of the brain

Front 116

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Back 116

Abnormal inhalation of meconium produced by the fetus or newborn

Front 117

Pyloric stenosis

Back 117

Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum

Front 118

Pap test (pap smear)

Back 118

Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix

Front 119

Pregnancy test

Back 119

Blood or urine test to detect the presence of (hCG)

Front 120

Hysterosalpingography

Back 120

X-ray Imaging of the uterus and Fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material

Front 121

Mammography

Back 121

X-ray Imaging of the breast

Front 122

Breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI

Back 122

Technologies using sound waves and magnetic field to create images of breast tissue

Front 123

Pelvic Ultrasonography

Back 123

Recording images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region

Front 124

Cauterization

Back 124

Destruction of tissue by burning

Front 125

Colposcopy

Back 125

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope

Front 126

Conization

Back 126

Removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix

Front 127

Cryosurgery

Back 127

Use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue

Front 128

Culdocentesis

Back 128

Needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac

Front 129

Dilation (dilatation) and curettage (D&C)

Back 129

Widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus

Front 130

Exenteration

Back 130

Removal of internal organs within a cavity

Front 131

Fine needle aspiration

Back 131

Withdrawal of fluid or tissue from a cyst or solid mass by suction with a needle

Front 132

Fine needle aspiration

Back 132

Withdrawal of fluid or tissue from a cyst or solid mass by suction with a needle

Front 133

Laparoscopy

Back 133

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope (larposcope)

Front 134

Tubal ligation

Back 134

Blocking the Fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring

Front 135

Abortion (AB)

Back 135

Termination of a pregnancy before the embryo or fetus can exist on its own

Front 136

Amniocentesis

Back 136

Needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis

Front 137

Cesarean section

Back 137

Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus

Front 138

Chronic villus sampling (CVS)

Back 138

Sample of placental tissues (Chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis

Front 139

Fetal monitoring

Back 139

Continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to assess fetal status and the progress of Labor

Front 140

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Back 140

Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization