Medical Definitions Chap.12

Front 1

Adenoids

Back 1

Lymphatic tissue is the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils

Front 2

Alveolus (plural; alveoli)

Back 2

Air sac in the lung

Front 3

Apex of the lung

Back 3

Tip or uppermost portion of the lung, apical means pertaining to or located in the Apex

Front 4

Base of the lung

Back 4

Lower portion of the lung

Front 5

Bronchioles

Back 5

Smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts

Front 6

Bronchus (Plural: bronchi)

Back 6

Branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube

Front 7

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Back 7

Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine; exhaled through the lungs

Front 8

Cilia

Back 8

Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. Cigarette smoke impairs the function of cilia

Front 9

Diaphragm

Back 9

Muscle separating the chest and the abdomen. It contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out

Front 10

Epiglottis

Back 10

Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing

Front 11

Exhalation

Back 11

Breathing out; expiration

Front 12

Glottis

Back 12

Slit-like opening to the larynx

Front 13

Hilum of the lung

Back 13

Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. Hilar means pertaining to (at) the hilum

Front 14

Inhalation

Back 14

Breathing in; inspiration

Front 15

Larynx

Back 15

Voicebox; containing the vocal cords

Front 16

Lobe

Back 16

Division of a lung

Front 17

Mediastinum

Back 17

Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, major blood vessels, esophagus, and bronchial tubes

Front 18

Nares

Back 18

Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities; nostrils

Front 19

Oxygen (O2)

Back 19

Gas that makes up 21% of the air that we breathe. It passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells

Front 20

Palatine tonsil

Back 20

One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatin means pertaining to the roof of the mouth)

Front 21

Paranasal sinus

Back 21

One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

Front 22

Parietal pleura

Back 22

Outer layer of pleura laying closer to the ribs and chest wall

Front 23

Pharynx

Back 23

Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Front 24

Pleura

Back 24

Double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

Front 25

Pleural cavity

Back 25

Space between the layers of the pleura

Front 26

Pulmonary parenchyma

Back 26

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli

Front 27

Respiration

Back 27

Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the lung capillaries (external respiration or breathing) and at the tissue capillaries (internal respiration)

Front 28

Trachea

Back 28

Windpipe

Front 29

Visceral pleura

Back 29

Inner layer of the pleura laying closer to the lung tissue

Front 30

Adenoid/o

Back 30

Adenoids

Front 31

Alveol/o

Back 31

Alveolus, air sac

Front 32

Bronch/o Bronchi/o

Back 32

Bronchial tube, bronchus

Front 33

Bronchiol/o

Back 33

Bronchiole, small bronchus

Front 34

Capn/o

Back 34

Carbon dioxide

Front 35

Coni/o

Back 35

Dust

Front 36

Cyan/o

Back 36

Blue

Front 37

Epiglott/o

Back 37

Epiglottis

Front 38

Laryng/o

Back 38

Larynx, voice box

Front 39

Lob/o

Back 39

Lobe of the lung

Front 40

Mediastin/o

Back 40

Mediastinum

Front 41

Nas/o

Back 41

Nose

Front 42

Orth/o

Back 42

Straight, upright

Front 43

Ox/o

Back 43

Oxygen

Front 44

Pector/o

Back 44

Chest

Front 45

Pharyng/o

Back 45

Pharynx, throat

Front 46

Phon/o

Back 46

Voice

Front 47

Phren/o

Back 47

Diaphragm

Front 48

Pleur/o

Back 48

Pleura

Front 49

Pneum/o pneumon/o

Back 49

Air, lung

Front 50

Pulmon/o

Back 50

Lung

Front 51

Rhin/o

Back 51

Nose

Front 52

Sinus/o

Back 52

Sinus, cavity

Front 53

Spir/o

Back 53

Breathing

Front 54

Tel/o

Back 54

Complete

Front 55

Thorac/o

Back 55

Chest

Front 56

Tonsill/o

Back 56

Tonsils

Front 57

Trache/o

Back 57

Trachea, windpipe

Front 58

-ema

Back 58

Condition

Front 59

-osmia

Back 59

Smell

Front 60

-pnea

Back 60

Breathing

Front 61

-ptysis

Back 61

Spitting

Front 62

-sphyxia

Back 62

Pulse

Front 63

-thorax

Back 63

Pleural cavity, chest

Front 64

Auscultation

Back 64

Listening to sounds within the body

Front 65

Percussion

Back 65

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

Front 66

Pleural rub

Back 66

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

Front 67

Rales (crackles)

Back 67

Fine crackling sound heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli

Front 68

Rhonchi (singular: rhonchus)

Back 68

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

Front 69

Sputum

Back 69

Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

Front 70

Stridor

Back 70

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

Front 71

Wheezes

Back 71

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

Front 72

Croup

Back 72

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by a barking cough and stridor

Front 73

Diphtheria

Back 73

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

Front 74

Epistaxis

Back 74

Nosebleed

Front 75

Pertussis

Back 75

Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea are caused by Bordetella pertussis

Front 76

Asthma

Back 76

Chronic inflammatory disorder with Airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction

Front 77

Bronchiectasis

Back 77

Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection

Front 78

Chronic bronchitis

Back 78

Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Front 79

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Back 79

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick musina secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

Front 80

Atelectasis

Back 80

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli I'm studying

Front 81

Emphysema

Back 81

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Front 82

Lung cancer

Back 82

Malignant tumour arising from the lungs and bronchi

Front 83

Pneumoconiosis

Back 83

Abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dust; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

Front 84

Pneumonia

Back 84

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of inflammatory reaction

Front 85

Pulmonary abscess

Back 85

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs

Front 86

Pulmonary edema

Back 86

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Front 87

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Back 87

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Front 88

Pulmonary fibrosis

Back 88

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

Front 89

Sarcoidosis

Back 89

Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in the lungs, nymph nodes, and other organs

Front 90

Tuberculosis TB

Back 90

Infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected

Front 91

Mesothelioma

Back 91

Rare malignant tumour arising in the pleura

Front 92

Pleural effusion

Back 92

Abnormal exclamation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)

Front 93

Pleurisy (pleuritis)

Back 93

Inflammation of the pleura

Front 94

Pneumothorax

Back 94

Collection of air in the pleural space

Front 95

Chest x-ray (cxr)

Back 95

Radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film)

Front 96

Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest

Back 96

Computer generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross-section and other planes

Front 97

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest

Back 97

Magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral (sagittal), and cross-sectional (axial) plans

Front 98

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung

Back 98

Radioactive glucose is injected, and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs

Front 99

Ventilation perfusion (V/Q) scan

Back 99

Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive Gas (xenon)

Front 100

Bronchoscopy

Back 100

Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

Front 101

Endotracheal intubation

Back 101

Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

Front 102

Laryngoscopy

Back 102

Visual examination of the voice box

Front 103

Lung biopsy

Back 103

Removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

Front 104

Mediastinoscopy

Back 104

Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

Front 105

Pulmonary function tests (pfds)

Back 105

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: Airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

Front 106

Thoracentesis

Back 106

Needle is inserted in the pleural space to remove excess fluid

Front 107

Thoracotomy

Back 107

Large surgical incision of the chest

Front 108

Thoracoscopy (thorascopy)

Back 108

Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope

Front 109

Tracheostomy

Back 109

Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

Front 110

Tuberculin test

Back 110

Determines past or present tuberculous exposure based on a positive skin reaction

Front 111

Tube thoracostomy

Back 111

Flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest

Front 112

Bronchospasm

Back 112

This tightening of the bronchi and smaller bronchial tubes (bronchioles) is a chief characteristic of bronchitis

Front 113

Bronchiectasis

Back 113

Caused by weakening of the bronchial wall from infection

Front 114

Bronchodilator

Back 114

This drug causes dilation, or enlargement, of the opening of a bronchus or bronchiole to improve ventilation to the lungs. An example is albuterol, delivered via an inhaler

Front 115

Bronchopleural fistula

Back 115

A Bronchopleural fistula is an abnormal connection between the Bronchal tube and the pleural cavity (space). Occurring as a result of lung disease or surgical complication, this can cause an air leak into the pleural space

Front 116

Bronchiolitis

Back 116

This is an acute viral infection occurring in infants younger than 18 months of age

Front 117

Cyanosis

Back 117

Caused by deficient oxygen in the blood

Front 118

Epiglottitis

Back 118

Characterized by fever, sore throat, and an erythematous, swollen epiglottis

Front 119

Laryngospasm

Back 119

Spasm of the laryngeal muscles that closes the larynx

Front 120

Mediastinoscopy

Back 120

An endoscope is inserted through an incision in the chest

Front 121

Orthopnea

Back 121

An abnormal condition in which breathing (-pnea) is easier in the upright position. A major cause of orthopnea is congestive heart failure. Physicians access the degree of orthopnea by number of pillows a patient requires to sleep comfortably

Front 122

Hypoxia

Back 122

Tissues have decreased amount of oxygen, and cyanosis can result

Front 123

Expectoration

Back 123

Clearing of secretions from the airway by coughing or spitting. This sputum can contain mucus, blood, cellular debris, pus, and microorganisms

Front 124

Dysphonia

Back 124

Hoarseness or other voice impairment

Front 125

Phrenic nerve

Back 125

The motor nerve to the diaphragm

Front 126

Pleurodynia

Back 126

The suffix -dynia means pain. The intercostal muscles or pleura are inflamed, causing pain during breathing

Front 127

Pleural effusion

Back 127

An effusion is the escape of fluid from the blood vessels or lymphatics into a cavity or into tissue spaces

Front 128

Pneumothorax

Back 128

The suffix -thorax means chest. Because of a hole in the lung, air accumulates in the pleural cavity, between the layers of the pleura

Front 129

Rhinorrhea

Back 129

Commonly known as a runny nose

Front 130

Cheyne-Strokes Respiration

Back 130

Cheyne-Strokes respirations are marked By rhythmatic changes in the depth of breathing (rapid breathing and then absence of breathing). The pattern occurs every 45 seconds to 3 minutes. The cause may be heart failure or brain damage, both of which affect the respiratory centre of the brain

Front 131

Tonsillectomy

Back 131

The oropharyngeal (Palatine) tonsils are removed

Front 132

Tracheal stenosis

Back 132

Injury to the trachea from trauma, a burn, or serious infection can cause scarring and contraction that obstructs the flow of air. For example, having an endotracheal tube in place for a prolonged period may lead to tracheal injury or the formation of scar tissue

Front 133

Empyema

Back 133

Em- at the beginning of this term means in. Empyema (pyothorax) Is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity

Front 134

Apnea

Back 134

Sleep apnea sudden cessation of breathing during sleep. It's can result in hypoxia, leading to cognitive impairment, hypertension, and arrhythmias. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves narrowing or occlusion in the upper Airway. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is Gentle ventilatory support used to keep the Airways open

Front 135

Dyspnea

Back 135

Dys- means abnormal here and is associated with shortness of breath (SOB). Paroxysmal (sudden) nocturnal (at night) dyspnea may be experienced by patients with congestive heart failure when they recline in bed. Patients often described the sensation as air hunger

Front 136

Hyperpnea

Back 136

An increase in the depth of breathing, occurring normally with exercise and abnormally with any condition in which the supply of oxygen is inadequate

Front 137

Tachypnea

Back 137

Tachy- means fast. Excessively rapid and shallow breathing; hyperventilation

Front 138

Hemoptysis

Back 138

Blood is coughed up from the bronchial tubes and lungs; occurs with bronchitis or pneumonia, but also with tuberculosis, cancer, bronchiectasis, and Pulmonary embolism

Front 139

Asphyxia

Back 139

This condition, literally means lack of pulse, is severe hypoxia leading to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, loss of consciousness, and death

Front 140

Pyothorax

Back 140

Empyema of the chest

Front 141

Purulent

Back 141

Pus containing

Front 142

Anthrac/o

Back 142

Coal

Front 143

Anthracosis

Back 143

Coal dust (black lung disease)

Front 144

Asbestosis

Back 144

Asbestos particles

Front 145

Silicosis

Back 145

Silica or glass (grinders disease)

Front 146

Asbest/o

Back 146

Asbestos

Front 147

Silic/o

Back 147

Rocks