Medical Definitions Chap.2

Front 1

Cell Membrane

Back 1

Surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into and out of the cell

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

Controls the operations of the cell. It directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell

Front 3

Chromosomes

Back 3

Rod like structures within the nucleus

Front 4

Cytoplasm

Back 4

Includes all of the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane

Front 5

Mitochondria

Back 5

Sausage shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for a cell

Front 6

Catabolism

Back 6

Cellular process of breaking down complex nutrients to simpler substances

Front 7

Endoplasmic reticulum [Definition]

Back 7

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of a cell; site of protein synthesis

Front 8

Karyotype [Definition]

Back 8

Classification of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.

Front 9

Anabolism

Back 9

Process of building up large proteins from amino acids

Front 10

Metabolism

Back 10

Total of the chemical processes in a cell

Front 11

DNA [Definition]

Back 11

Chemical found within each chromosome.

Front 12

Digestive (organs)

Back 12

Mouth pharynx esophagus stomach intestines liver gallbladder pancreas

Front 13

Urinary (Organs)

Back 13

Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra

Front 14

Respiratory (Organs)

Back 14

Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial tubes Lungs

Front 15

Reproductive (Organs)

Back 15

Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina Mammary glands Testes Urethra Penis Prostate gland

Front 16

Endocrine (Organs)

Back 16

Thyroid gland Pituitary gland Sex glands Adrenal glands Pancreas Parathyroid glands

Front 17

Nervous (Organs)

Back 17

Brain Spinal cord Nerves

Front 18

Circulatory (Organs)

Back 18

Heart Blood vessels [arteries, veins, capillaries] Lymphatic vessels and nodes Spleen Thymus gland

Front 19

Musculoskeletal (Organs)

Back 19

Muscles Bones Joints

Front 20

Skin and Sense (Organs)

Back 20

Hair Eye Ear Nose Tongue Sweat glands Sebaceous glands Skin Nails

Front 21

Adipose Tissue

Back 21

Collection of fat cells

Front 22

Cartilage (Definition)

Back 22

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints

Front 23

Epithelial Cells

Back 23

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surface of organs

Front 24

Histologist

Back 24

Specialist in the study of tissue

Front 25

Larynx

Back 25

Voice box located above the trachea

Front 26

Pharynx

Back 26

Throat

Front 27

Pituitary Gland (Definition)

Back 27

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Front 28

Thyroid Gland

Back 28

Endoctrine gland surrounds the trachea in the neck

Front 29

Trachea

Back 29

Windpipe

Front 30

Ureter [Definition]

Back 30

One of two tubes each leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Front 31

Urethra [Definition]

Back 31

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 32

Uterus

Back 32

The womb

Front 33

Viscera

Back 33

Internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially the abdomen

Front 34

Abdominal Cavity

Back 34

Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver stomach gallbladder and intestines also called abdomen or peritoneal cavity

Front 35

Cranial cavity

Back 35

Space in the head containing the brain surrounded by the skull

Front 36

Diaphragm (Definition)

Back 36

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Front 37

Dorsal (Posterior)

Back 37

Pertaining to the back

Front 38

Mediastinum

Back 38

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

Front 39

Pelvic cavity

Back 39

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

Front 40

Peritoneum

Back 40

Double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

Front 41

Pleura

Back 41

Double folded membrane surrounding each lung

Front 42

Pleural cavity

Back 42

Space between the pleural layers

Front 43

Spinal cavity

Back 43

Space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord

Front 44

Thoracic cavity

Back 44

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus and other organs

Front 45

Ventral (Anterior)

Back 45

Pertaining to the front

Front 46

Hypochondriac region

Back 46

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

Front 47

Epigastric region

Back 47

Middle upper region above the stomach

Front 48

Lumbar region

Back 48

Right and left middle Regions near the waist

Front 49

Umbilical region

Back 49

Central region near the navel

Front 50

Inguinal region

Back 50

Right and left lower Regions near the groin, also called the iliac region

Front 51

Hypogastric region

Back 51

Middle lower region below the umbilical region

Front 52

Quadrants (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ)

Back 52

Right upper Quadrant Left upper Quadrant Right lower Quadrant Left lower Quadrant

Front 53

Cervical (Division)

Back 53

Neck region (C1 to C7)

Front 54

Thoracic (Division)

Back 54

Chest region (T1 to T12)

Front 55

Lumbar (Division)

Back 55

Loin (waist) region (L1 to L5)

Front 56

Sacral (Division)

Back 56

Region of the Sacrum (S1 to S5)

Front 57

Coccygeal (Division)

Back 57

Region of the Coccyx (Tailbone)

Front 58

Vertebra

Back 58

Single Backbone

Front 59

Vertebrea

Back 59

Backbones

Front 60

Spinal Column

Back 60

Bone tissue surrounding spinal cavity

Front 61

Disc

Back 61

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Front 62

Anterior (ventral)

Back 62

Front side of the body

Front 63

Posterior (dorsal) [Definition]

Back 63

Back side of the body

Front 64

Deep

Back 64

Away from the surface

Front 65

Superfical

Back 65

On the surface

Front 66

Proximal

Back 66

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

Front 67

Distal

Back 67

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of the structure

Front 68

Inferior

Back 68

Below another structure

Front 69

Superior

Back 69

Above another structure

Front 70

Medial

Back 70

Pertaining to the middle, or near the medial plane of the body

Front 71

Lateral [Definition]

Back 71

Pertaining to the side

Front 72

Supine

Back 72

Laying on the back

Front 73

Prone

Back 73

Laying on the belly

Front 74

Frontal (coronal) plane

Back 74

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior positions

Front 75

Sagittal (lateral) plane

Back 75

Lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

Front 76

Transverse (axial) plane

Back 76

Horizontal cross-sectional plane running across the body parallel to the ground

Front 77

Abdomin/o

Back 77

Abdomen

Front 78

Adip/o Lip/o

Back 78

Fat

Front 79

Anter/o

Back 79

Front

Front 80

Cervic/o

Back 80

Neck

Front 81

Chondr/o

Back 81

Cartilage

Front 82

Chrom/o

Back 82

Color

Front 83

Coccyg/o

Back 83

Coccyx (tailbone)

Front 84

Crani/o

Back 84

Skull

Front 85

Dist/o

Back 85

Far, distant

Front 86

Dors/o

Back 86

Back portion of the body

Front 87

Hist/o

Back 87

Tissue

Front 88

Ili/o

Back 88

Illium (upper part of the hip bone)

Front 89

Inguin/o

Back 89

Groin

Front 90

Kary/o Nucle/o

Back 90

Nucleus

Front 91

Later/o

Back 91

Side

Front 92

Lumb/o

Back 92

Lower back

Front 93

Medi/o

Back 93

Middle

Front 94

Pelv/i

Back 94

Pelvis

Front 95

Pharyng/o

Back 95

Pharynx

Front 96

Poster/o

Back 96

Back, behind

Front 97

Proxim/o

Back 97

Nearest

Front 98

Sacr/o (not to be confused with sarc/o)

Back 98

Sacrum

Front 99

Spin/o

Back 99

Spine, backbone

Front 100

Thel/o Theli/o

Back 100

Nipple

Front 101

Thorac/o

Back 101

Chest

Front 102

Trache/o

Back 102

Trachea windpipe

Front 103

Umbilic/o

Back 103

Naval Umbilcus

Front 104

Ventr/o

Back 104

Belly side of the body

Front 105

Vertebr/o

Back 105

Vertebrae backbones

Front 106

Viscer/o

Back 106

Internal Organs

Front 107

Ana-

Back 107

Up

Front 108

Cata-

Back 108

Down

Front 109

Inter-

Back 109

Between

Front 110

Intra-

Back 110

Within

Front 111

Meta-

Back 111

Change

Front 112

-eal -iac -ior

Back 112

Pertaining to

Front 113

-ism

Back 113

Process Condition

Front 114

-ose

Back 114

Pertaining to, full of

Front 115

-plasm

Back 115

Formation

Front 116

-somes

Back 116

Bodies

Front 117

-type

Back 117

Picture Classification