Biology Test #2 Chapter 7

Front 1

Waste products of cellular respiration

Back 1

carbon dioxide and water

Front 2

The reactants of photosynthesis

Back 2

carbon dioxide and water

Front 3

What provides energy for the rest of the world to function and is at the bottom of the food chain?

Back 3

Producers

Front 4

Where does photosynthesis in plants take place?

Back 4

the chloroplasts

Front 5

Plants have a _____ system that takes up water and moves the water from the roots up through the plant.

Back 5

Root

Front 6

Water ends up in the ________ via veins. Then water _______ from the vein.

Back 6

mesophyll, diffuses

Front 7

the green tissue in the interior of the leaf

Back 7

mesophyll

Front 8

Carbon dioxide enters the leaf and oxygen exits through tiny pores called ______.

Back 8

stomata

Front 9

hole in the middle of the stomate which can open on close

Back 9

stoma

Front 10

If there's plenty of water the stomate is _______, if there's not enough water, the stomate is _______.

Back 10

open, closed

Front 11

Earth's atmosphere is made up of what three Gases and what percent of each?

Back 11

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Gas 1%

Front 12

Water is delivered to the leaves through _______.

Back 12

veins

Front 13

Each mesophyll cell has numerous _______.

Back 13

chloroplasts

Front 14

Membranes in the _______ form the framework where many of the reactions of photosynthesis occur.

Back 14

Chloroplast

Front 15

Which way does CO2 move in a leaf?

Back 15

It moves with the concentration gradient from the outside to the inside.
Inside: CO2 is used, drawn down in the leaf
Outside: CO2 is a consistent concentration gradient

Front 16

Which way does water move in a leaf?

Back 16

The leaf is wet on the inside, so the water will move from the inside where water is more concentrated to the outside.

Front 17

Anytime the stomates are open, water is moving ______?

Back 17

out

Front 18

Inside the leaf, H20 is ______? Outside it is less than 1% _____.

Back 18

plentiful, water vapor

Front 19

What is the paradox for plants?

Back 19

Open stomates gain CO2 which is needed for photosynthesis but lose water.

Front 20

a system of interconnected membranous sacs suspended in the stroma

Back 20

thylakoids

Front 21

What is significant about the membrane of chloroplasts?

Back 21

It has a double membrane.

Front 22

_____ is both a reactant and a product in photosynthesis.

Back 22

Water

Front 23

Product of photosynthesis

Back 23

3 carbon sugar, often shown as glucose

Front 24

Photosynthesis is a _________ process, meaning that when water molecules are split apart they are actually oxidized (lose electrons) and CO2 is reduced to sugar as electrons and hydrogen ions are added to it?

Back 24

redox (oxidation/reduction)

Front 25

Photosynthesis converts ______ energy to ______ energy.

Back 25

light, chemical

Front 26

the steps that convert light energy to chemical energy and produce O2

Back 26

light reactions

Front 27

Light is ____ minutes away

Back 27

8

Front 28

pigment that picks up blue violets and reds

Back 28

chlorophyll a

Front 29

pigment that picks up the blues and oranges

Back 29

chlorophyll b

Front 30

Plants reflect what colors?

Back 30

greens and yellow greens

Front 31

______ capture solar energy?

Back 31

Pigments

Front 32

2 reactions involved in photosynthesis?

Back 32

light and dark

Front 33

What reactions capture solar energy?

Back 33

light reactions

Front 34

Dark reactions make ______ and don't need _____.

Back 34

carbohydrates, light (can happen anytime)

Front 35

Light reactions occur where?

Back 35

in the thylakoid membranes

Front 36

NADP+ is reduced to NADPH, which is an electron carrier that provides reducing power to the
________?

Back 36

Calvin Cycle

Front 37

The Calvin cycle occurs in the _____?

Back 37

stroma of the chloroplast

Front 38

a cyclic series of reactions that assembles sugar molecules using CO2 and the energy containing products of light reactions?

Back 38

Calvin Cycle

Front 39

What are the products of the Calvin Cycle?

Back 39

Sugars

Front 40

The light reactions generate what other type of energy?

Back 40

ATP from ADP

Front 41

the shorter the wavelength of light, the _____ the energy

Back 41

greater

Front 42

Pigments are located in the _______?

Back 42

thylakoid membranes

Front 43

When isolated pigment molecules absorb light, their excited electrons drop back down and release the excessive energy as _____?

Back 43

heat

Front 44

______ (energy) from light reactions is fed into the dark reactions which adds energy for the making of a sugar.

Back 44

ATP

Front 45

Eventually in photosynthesis, after the dark reactions, the energy is returned back to the _______.

Back 45

light reactions

Front 46

Photosynthesis produces what types of sugars?

Back 46

sugars that are used for respiration (glucose), cellular respiration, cellulose, starch (carbs)

Front 47

What are the inputs into the Dark Reactions/Calvin Cycle?

Back 47

ATP, NADPH, CO2

Front 48

Products of the Dark Cycle?

Back 48

G3P (sugars and carbs), O2 ( actually from the light reactions), ADP+P (recycled) and NADP+ (recycled)

Front 49

The mechanism that generates ATP in a chloroplast?

Back 49

phosphorylation

Front 50

The 2 photosystems of photosynthesis and the electron transport chains are all located within the ______ of the chloroplast?

Back 50

thylakoid membrane

Front 51

_____ energy is used to drive electrons to the top of the transport chain?

Back 51

Light

Front 52

Photosynthesis uses _____ energy, ____ and ____ to make food molecules?

Back 52

light energy, CO2, and H20

Front 53

Desert plants (CAM plants) have done what to adapt to dry climates?

Back 53

They leave stomates closed during the day and only bring in CO2 at night and releases it to the Calvin Cycle during the day, even though the stomata is closed. Light reactions still occur in the sun.

Front 54

C4 Photosynthesis uses more efficient enzymes that can fix CO2 at _______ concentrations?

Back 54

low

Front 55

C4 plants thrive in what types of climates?

Back 55

hot/dry

Front 56

Some plants when adapting to the hot dry climates alter the location of the ______to where it occurs closer to water?

Back 56

Calvin Cycle

Front 57

CO2 traps ____ on earth?

Back 57

radient heat

Front 58

What is one of the ways to fight CO2?

Back 58

all of the plant growth