Biology Chapter Test Chapter 7 And 8

Front 1

lack membrane bound organelles

Back 1

eukaryotic

Front 2

has membrane bound organelles

Back 2

prokaryotic

Front 3

no nucleus, DNA found throughout, has ribosomes because they are not membrane bound organelles,does not have internal organelles

Back 3

prokaryotic

Front 4

complex cells, has membrane bound organelle, contains a nucleus, different cell function can occur at the same time

Back 4

eukaryatic

Front 5

history of the cell theory

Back 5

before microscopes were invented, people thought that disease were caused by curses and supernatural spirits.

Front 6

history of the cell theory

Back 6

salem witch trials

Front 7

history of the cell theory

Back 7

microscopes allow scientist to view and study cells, the basic unit of living organisms.

Front 8

- one objective lengths;

Back 8

development of light microscope

Front 9

made by natural light

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light microscope

Front 10

how much magnification can the light microscope give

Back 10

up to 300x

Front 11

fist person to record looking at water under microscope

Back 11

anton van leeuwenhoek

Front 12

in mid 1600s he was a lenses grinder; he observed blood of different animals and pond water

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anton van leeuwenhoek

Front 13

he names what he sees "animal cules"

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anton van leeuwenhoek

Front 14

known as the father of microbiology-first person to see all of this

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anton van leeuwenhoek

Front 15

in what year did leeuwenhoek do all of his recordings

Back 15

1673

Front 16

living things come from nonliving things: flies come from rotting meat this theory was dis proven by:

Back 16

francesco redi

Front 17

has 2 objective lenses

Back 17

compound light microscopes

Front 18

light source is light bulb

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compound light microscopes

Front 19

how much magnification can a compound light microscope magnify

Back 19

up to 1500x

Front 20

gave the cell its name-named for the rooms that monks lived in the monastaries

Back 20

robert hooke

Front 21

used a compound light microscope to study cork, the dead cells in a oak tree

Back 21

robert hooke

Front 22

said that all cells are the basic building blocks o all living things

Back 22

robert hooke

Front 23

what year did robert hooke do everything

Back 23

1665

Front 24

he named the nucleus

Back 24

robert brown

Front 25

said the cell theory is made up of three main ideas

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robert brown

Front 26

what year did robert brown do everything

Back 26

1833

Front 27

said cells are alive

Back 27

schleiden and schwann

Front 28

all living things are composed of cells materials in cell move

Back 28

schleiden and schwann

Front 29

what did schleiden study

Back 29

plants

Front 30

what did schwann study

Back 30

animals

Front 31

what year did schleiden and schwann do everything

Back 31

schleiden was 1838 and schwann was 1839

Front 32

responsible for cell division

Back 32

rudolf virchow

Front 33

said nucleus is central membrane bound organelle that manages and controls cellular function

Back 33

rudolf virchow

Front 34

said all cells come form preexisting cells

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rudolf virchow

Front 35

what year did rudolf virchow do everything

Back 35

1855

Front 36

cell theory states that:

Back 36

all organisms are ,composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms, all cells come from pre existing cells

Front 37

modern cell theory states that

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cells contain DNA, a hereditary material which is passed from cell to cell during cell division

Front 38

modern cell theory states that:

Back 38

all cells have the same chemical composition and metabolic activities.

Front 39

modern cell theory states that:

Back 39

all chemical activities are carried out inside the cell.

Front 40

modern cell theory states that:

Back 40

cell activity depends on organelles inside the cell.

Front 41

the microscope that uses beam of electron as its light source

Back 41

electron microscope

Front 42

how much magnification can the electron microscope magnify

Back 42

up to 500,000x

Front 43

has 2 objective lenses

Back 43

electron microscope

Front 44

specimens must be in a vacuum because electrons would collide with particles in the air and scatter (sucking air out of chamber)

Back 44

electron microscope

Front 45

scans surface of cell and gives 3d shape- has lower magnification can use live specimens

Back 45

scanning electron microscope

Front 46

going across- study structures within a cell

Back 46

transmission electron microscope

Front 47

-uses flow of electrons to create computer images of atoms on the surface of a molecule

Back 47

scanning tunneling microscope

Front 48

when where the electron microscopes invented

Back 48

1940

Front 49

boundary between cell and its environment

Back 49

plasma membrane

Front 50

Allows nutrients into a cell: glucose, amino acids, and lipids.

Back 50

plasma membrane

Front 51

Removes waste from a cell

Back 51

plasma membrane

Front 52

Removes excess nutrients

Back 52

plasma membrane

Front 53

Maintains homeostasis of cell

Back 53

plasma membrane

Front 54

Is selectively permeable

Back 54

plasma membrane

Front 55

Allow some molecules into a cell and keeps others out

Back 55

plasma membrane

Front 56

Two layers of phospholipids back to back
Phospholipids- are lipids with a phosphate attached to them- fat
Made up of: glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group.

Back 56

structure of plasma membrane

Front 57

Two fatty acid tails-nonpolar; hydrophobic, avoids water

Back 57

makeup of the phospholipids bilayer

Front 58

Head of phospholipids molecule containing phosphate group is polar; it is hydrophilic, interacts with water

Back 58

makeup of the phospholipids bilayer

Front 59

Creates a water soluble outer barrier that is water insoluble in the middle

Back 59

makeup of the phospholipids bilayer

Front 60

Other component of the plasma membrane:helps stabilizes phospholipids ,keeps fatty acids from sticking together

Back 60

cholesterol

Front 61

Other component of the plasma membrane: regulate particles moving in and out of cell

Back 61

Transport proteins

Front 62

Other component of the plasma membrane: identify chemical signals, and protects cell from infection

Back 62

Carbohydrates

Front 63

Fluid mosaic model:because the phospholipids are free to move within the membrane

Back 63

fluid

Front 64

Fluid mosaic model: because proteins create a pattern on the surface of the membrane(plasma)

Back 64

mosaic

Front 65

it separates the contents of the cell from its outside environment, and it regulates what enters and exits the cell

Back 65

plasma membrane

Front 66

destroy worn-out or damaged organelles, get rid of waste materials, and protect the cell from foreign invaders. 
Waste basket, trash can

Back 66

lysosome

Front 67

is protein synthesis(builds). They are either found freely in the cytoplasm of the cell or they are found attached to endoplasmic reticulum. Made of rna and protein that is found in cytoplasm and er or floating freely in the cell.. Not membrane bound organelle.

Back 67

ribosome

Front 68

provides energy for the cell. They are known as the powerhouse of the cell. Breaks down nutrients, carry their own genes in dna. Highly folded membrane-energy storing molecule

Back 68

mitochondria

Front 69

regulates all cell activity. It does this by controlling the enzymes present. Contains dna.
Controls cell function., directions to making proteins, surrounds the nuclear envelope.

Back 69

nucleus

Front 70

is the central location for the production of ribosomes in the eukaryotic cell.
Found inside nucleus, contains rna, instructions for making proteins, making ribosomes

Back 70

nucleolus

Front 71

is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum; for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
build lysosomes.

Back 71

golgi apparatus

Front 72

plays a mechanical role, i.e. (example) to maintain the shape, the consistency of the cell and to provide suspension to the organelles. Found throughout. jellylike

Back 72

cytoplasm

Front 73

Transports chemicals in and between cells, large surface area. Has ribosomes on the outisde surfacee.

Back 73

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 74

job is to package proteins

Back 74

the rough er

Front 75

job is to storage proteins

Back 75

the smooth er

Front 76

maintains fluids, removes wastes, stores indigested food, and provides and maintains cellular structure. Remove water from a water animal, larger in plants

Back 76

vacuoles

Front 77

Rigid structure, outside plasma membrane and provides additional support and protection
It is permeable- allow anything in and out
Made up of cellulous-plant only

Back 77

cell wall

Front 78

are only in plant cells, they use photosynthesis to make ATP which is energy for the cell. Converts light energy to chemical energy. Photosynthesis-process to make food.

Back 78

chloroplast

Front 79

Double membrane-outer and inner membrane

Back 79

chloroplast

Front 80

Inner- - traps energy of sunlight, contains chlorophyll.

Back 80

thylakoid membrane(coin)

Front 81

Structure and support, scaffolding
and gives framework

Back 81

cytoskeleton

Front 82

are thin hallow cylinders made of protein.

Back 82

Microtubules

Front 83

are thin solid protein fibers

Back 83

Microfilaments

Front 84

Short numerous hair-like projections

Back 84

cilia

Front 85

Used in locomotion or movement

Back 85

cilia

Front 86

Eukaryotic cell
Long projections that move in a whip-like motion.

Back 86

flagella

Front 87

concentration of dissolved substances is the same inside and outside cell.

Back 87

isotonic solution

Front 88

water moves in and out of cell at equal rate

Back 88

isotonic solution

Front 89

cell is normal shape
homeostasis

Back 89

isotonic solution

Front 90

concentration of dissolved substance is higher in cell

Back 90

hypotonic solution

Front 91

concentration of water is higher in cell

Back 91

hypotonic solution

Front 92

concentration of water is higher outside cell.

Back 92

hypotonic solution

Front 93

water moves in osmosis

Back 93

hypotonic solution

Front 94

in hypotonic solution animal cell:

Back 94

swells and may burst

Front 95

in hypotonic solution plant cell:

Back 95

swells presses against cell wall

Front 96

example of plant cell in hypotonic solution

Back 96

winn dixie produce section

Front 97

concentration of dissolved substances lower outside cell

Back 97

hypertonic solution

Front 98

water leaves cell through osmosis

Back 98

hypertonic solution

Front 99

in hypertonic animal cell:

Back 99

shrivels

Front 100

in hypertonic solution plant cell:

Back 100

plasma membrane shrinks away

Front 101

example of animal cell in hypertonic solution:

Back 101

dehydration

Front 102

example of plant cell in hypertonic solution:

Back 102

writing

Front 103

DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY

Back 103

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

Front 104

there are three steps in passive transport they are:

Back 104

diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Front 105

movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration along a gradient until dynamic equilibriumis reached

Back 105

diffusion

Front 106

diffusion of water

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osmosis

Front 107

facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins:

Back 107

channel proteins (like a tunnel)
carrier proteins( change shape)

Front 108

REQUIRES ENERGY

Back 108

active transport

Front 109

movement of particle for an area of low concentration to an area with high concentration against a concentration gradient(uphill)

Back 109

active transport

Front 110

uses transport protein

Back 110

active transport

Front 111

2 ways in transport of large particles

Back 111

endocytosis, and exocytosis

Front 112

process by which large particles are moved into a cell

Back 112

endocytosis

Front 113

process by which large are moved out of a cell

Back 113

exocytosis

Front 114

why is water allowed to interact with the cell membrane

Back 114

water is polar

Front 115

What is a phospholipid composed of?

Back 115

a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group

Front 116

what is the difference between animal and plant cell?

Back 116

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, animal cells do not. Plant cells usually are larger and contain one large vacuole. Animal cells contain centrioles

Front 117

Once proteins are made, where do they go?

Back 117

golgi apparatus

Front 118

What organelle in plants captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy

Back 118

chloroplast

Front 119

if you observed a cell under a microscope and noticed that it contained a plasma membrane, cell wall, and ribosomes, but none of the other organelles, what could you conclude?

Back 119

a prokaryotic cell

Front 120

abbiate

Back 120

voi (avere -- imperative--present sujunctive)

Front 121

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

Back 121

all cells have organelles

Front 122

If you wanted to create a computer image of an atom on the surface of a molecule, which type of microscope would you use?

Back 122

scanning tunneling microscope

Front 123

What other cell structure that is not found in all eukaryotic cells is likely to be found in this cell?

Back 123

a cell wall