Biology Test #2 Chapter 8

Front 1

the sequence of stages leading from the adults of one generation to the adults of the next

Back 1

life cycle

Front 2

What are the two types of reproduction?

Back 2

asexual and sexual

Front 3

Asexual production means that there is no ____ involved and it produces offspring _____ to the parent?

Back 3

sex, identical

Front 4

All genes in asexual reproduction come from _____?

Back 4

one parent

Front 5

In asexual reproduction, if a parent organism isn't doing so great, what happens to the offspring?

Back 5

They will inherit whatever the parent has.

Front 6

In sexual reproduction, offspring are similar to parents but have ____?

Back 6

variations

Front 7

The genes in sexual reproduction come from _____ and every individual is a _____ mix of genes.

Back 7

two parents, unique

Front 8

Cell division can:
______ a single celled organism
____ a multicellular organism
_____ an egg to an adult
_____ and _____ adult cells in an organism
Produce _____ and _____ cells (meiosis)

Back 8

reproduce, grow, grow, repair, replace, sperm, egg

Front 9

dividing in half

Back 9

binary fission

Front 10

Binary fission is primarily used by _____ cells and two _____ come from one cell. It is the most basic kind of asexual reproduction.

Back 10

prokaryotic, identical cells

Front 11

Steps in binary fission?

Back 11

A circular chromosome duplicates, copies separate. Plasma membrane grows inward & the cell divides.

Front 12

Chromosomes _____ with each cell division

Back 12

duplicate

Front 13

Chromosomes are composed of ______

Back 13

chromatin

Front 14

Chromatin is made up of ____ and _____

Back 14

DNA and proteins

Front 15

Before cell division, _____ condenses, and the _____ are visible with a microscope

Back 15

chromatin, chromosomes

Front 16

Chromosomes are made of ______?

Back 16

DNA

Front 17

Two stages of the cell cycle?

Back 17

Interphase and Mitotic phase

Front 18

In interphase the cell contents are _______? and ____ are at work making sure that DNA is accurately duplicated?

Back 18

duplicated, enzymes

Front 19

3 stages of interphase and their function

Back 19

G1- growth, increase in cytoplasm
S- duplication of chromosomes
G2- growth, preparation for division

Front 20

Mitosis is the division of the _____.

Back 20

nucleus, divides one time

Front 21

_____ occurs in sex cells and gametes and the nucleus divides _____ times.

Back 21

Meiosis, 2

Front 22

division of the cytoplasm, occurs in bot mitosis and meiosis

Back 22

cytokinesis

Front 23

The majority of the cell cycle is spent in what phase?

Back 23

interphase

Front 24

4 stages of mitosis and what happens in them?

Back 24

Prophase- the beginning steps of division
Metaphase- chromosomes are lined up at the middle
Anaphase- chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the part
Telophase- the ending point where the cells actually divide

Front 25

____ often overlaps telophase?

Back 25

cytokinesis

Front 26

a typical body cell

Back 26

somatic cell

Front 27

Organisms of the species have _____ numbers of chromosomes in their somatic cells. In humans, that number is ____.

Back 27

Equal, 46

Front 28

When the cell divides _____ separates?

Back 28

chromatids

Front 29

Meiosis only occurs in the ____ and _____ cells which are known as ______.

Back 29

sperm, egg, gametes

Front 30

Meiosis requires ____.

Back 30

fertilization

Front 31

The ___ chromosome has the one or 2 genes that make a male a male?

Back 31

y

Front 32

There is no one gene that makes a female, there's some interactions that make a female, however we associate the female with the ____ chromosome?

Back 32

x

Front 33

complete set of chromosomes

Back 33

karyotype

Front 34

one set from each parent

Back 34

homologous

Front 35

Homologous pairs (2) are the same chromosome expressed a little ____?

Back 35

differently

Front 36

The exception to homologous chromosomes are the _____ chromosomes?

Back 36

sex

Front 37

Humans have ____ homologous pairs (autosomes) and ____ sex chromosomes for a total of ___.

Back 37

22,2,46

Front 38

Autosomes are ____ meaning they have 2 sets of chromosomes.

Back 38

diploid

Front 39

Gametes have ___ set of chromosomes meaning that they are _____.

Back 39

1, haploid

Front 40

Fertilization fuses a ____ and a ____ which creates a _____. This makes the cells haploid again (2n)

Back 40

sperm, egg, zygote (fertilized egg)