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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ionic chemical bond |
when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
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covalent chemical bond |
when electrons are shared between atoms |
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Why is the water molecule polar? |
there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms |
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How does the polarity of water make it extremely cohesive? |
hydrogen bonding and partial positive and negative charges make water cohesive |
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What was the chemical reaction taking place during the saltine mini lab? |
digestion |
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How was the enzyme amylase involved in the chemical reaction? |
enzyme amylase breaks starch down into sugar (glucose) and breaks apart bonds that links long chains of glucose |
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What is the pH scale a measurement of? |
the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
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On the pH scale, the higher numbers mean what? |
base |
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On the pH scale, the lower numbers mean what? |
acids |
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buffers |
weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH |
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What are the 4 major macromolecules? |
carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proteins |
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What do carbohydrates do? |
main source of energy sometimes used for structural purposes |
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What do lipids do? |
store energy, sometimes important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings |
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What do nucleic acids do? |
store and transmit heredity or genetic info (DNA) |
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What do proteins do? |
control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes, sometimes used to form bones and muscles, or transport substances into or out of cells or help fight disease |
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What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction? |
changes in chemical bonds join atoms in compounds |
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enzymes |
proteins that act as biological catalysts, speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells |
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What enzyme is found in chicken liver? |
catalase |
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What enzyme was in the saltine lab? |
amylase |
