Violent non-state actor

In recent decades the United States, and the larger world, has faced a new enemy that has required new policies and laws. Terrorism and the rise of violent, non-state actors has forced the world to quickly adapt to new and more violent warfare against actors that do not adhere to the internationally agreed upon laws of armed conflict. Because of the rapid pace that was required to deal with this new threat, actions were taken that do not represent the values of this country and policies were…

witnessing in not just the end of the Cold War… the end point of mankind 's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government.” (Fukuyama, 1989: 2). After 25 years of history, one can state that while, although, the world ceased to see great wars, and the international sphere is now dominated by small civil wars, there are other prevalent factors such as the uncertainty of nuclear weapons and the rise of terrorism, that constitute…

the agency that actively engage in developing world culture instead of de-emphasizing actors as solely an adopter of the culture. In general, the world society theory’s primary interest is on the diffusion of world culture across the globe and its adoption and implementation by the national and local actors. Hence, their applied perspective is likely to be top-down from the western originated world culture to the non-western institutions. To be sure, some world society scholarships do discuss…

Carl Von Clausewitz’s definition of an act of war substantiates particular state sponsored cyber-attacks as acts of war. Clausewitz’s definition requires cyber-attacks to meet three elements to elevate to the level of an act of war. Categorization of the perpetrator to determine the intent and nature of their attack is imperative in determining whether a cyber-attack meets Clausewitz’s definition. John Stone correctly advocated in “Cyber War Will Take Place!” that an act of force isn’t…

Aims: Committing a violent act is emotionally difficult for an individual. Microsociological analyses of violence have demonstrated that there exists an emotional barrier that inhibits violence. Passage through this emotional barrier is enabled by situational circumstances which serve as enabling factors. While most forms of terrorism have these enabling factors, lone actor terrorism presents a unique challenge for an individual looking to navigate through the emotional barriers and engage in…

Terrorism is normally defined as an intentionally violent act or threat of a violent act perpetrated by non-state actors for religious, political, economic, or social motives against noncombatants. The definition of terrorism, at it’s most basic form, always seems to include violence, tactics, and targets. Each department or organization has a different definition of terrorism. However, almost all definitions of terrorism exclude the state as actors in terrorism. Stohl believes that this is an…

following years, statistics show that use of controlled substances has increased in a number of areas. Health actors in this policy area are very strongly tied to each stage of the policy cycle, including evaluation, and despite some successes, this policy has been evaluated as both positive and negative by different groups of health professionals (Hughes & Stevens, 2010). The final key actor in the drug policy space is the legal group. Under current policies, just under 50% of the US prison…

New technologies are spreading among both state and non-state actors, challenging the traditional advantage of the United States in that area. These technologies not only pose a threat themselves (i.e., WMD and delivery system proliferation), but also impact “the calculus of deterrence and conflict management by increasing uncertainty…

amongst state are only necessary in order to gain states’ own interests. They believe that states are competitive towards one another with the primary goal of gaining power. Their theory is often contradicting the theory of the liberalists and idealists, which believe in cooperation and the existences of mutual benefits. The realists believe that states are meant to struggle for power and act in a way to prioritize the nation’s interests. Apart from that, the realists also believe that states…

the first 45 minutes of a 106-minute-long film – a shocking act for many viewers who presumed that Crane to be the main protagonist of the movie. The “knowledge to store” element of priming effects engrained into the heads of movie watchers that violent acts will not be part of films had not prepared for many viewers of the time for an act as brutal as the one portrayed in Psycho in which Leigh’s character was stabbed at least 7 times. In fact, the 1960 audience claimed that they had never…