Twelver

Shia expresses their devotions to Al-Bayt, by visiting significant sites of shrines, which had considered as pilgrimage sites for centuries. The schisms that emerged among the Shia-Muslim began after the death of Jafar Al-Sadiq, who hold to be the sixth Imam by most Shia communities. The controversial debate amongst the Shia, which son is legitimate to follow the steps of his father. A group of Shia who has chosen the elder son, Ismail, has been called the Ismailis. However, the other group who were the Ismailis detractor coalesced and had supported the younger son of Jafar, Musa to be the rightful Imam. As a result, this controversy divided the Shia into sub-groups, which labeled them into several names such as the Ithna Ashari, the Twelver Shia and the Ismaili, who were ruling Egypt, the Fatimid. In the latter eleventh century, the Fatimid states began to decline which resulted in dividing the Ismaili into further sub-groups. One of the divided Ismaili groups, who were known for their emphasis of the Batin, were so-called the Batiniyya. After the death of the Fatimid Emperor, Hakim Bi Amrillah, three groups have split away from the Ismaili, which was the Mustaali-Ismaili, the Nizari-Ismaili, and the Druze. The Shia rejected the Sunnis’ notions, which people themselves have the authority to interpret the religious text, the Shia claim that human interpretation and human consensus are fallible, and therefore unreliable. Also, they reject the Sunni concept of Ijma, since…

It is assumed that globalization affects traditional authority structures but Robert Gleave argues that the Twelver- Shi’ite community in Iraq has maintained its traditional authority despite modernity. He discusses how the minority of the Muslims, dissociation of the scholars from political power, poverty and isolation of the Muslims from modernizing power, propagation of scholarly authority and their economic independence as a result of the collection of Islamic taxes, rise in the notion of…

The Prophet Mohammad is chosen by God to present his message to humanity. There is a resurrection of the body and soul on the last or judgment day; divine justice will reward or punish believers based on actions undertaken through their own free will, Twelver Shiites are seen as direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. The distinctive dogma and institution of Shiite Islam is the Imam-ate, which includes the idea that the successor of Muhammad be more than merely a political leader. The Imam…

synthesis. The Buyid Dynasty adapted the more flexible Twelver Shia policies to enforce local leadership under an Imam that was not installed as a member of Ali’s family. Buyids often relied more heavily on localized Imam leadership as a form of regional Perso-Islamic synthesis for greater political and governmental autonomy. In similar manner, the Samanid Dynasties tolerant view of Islamic orthodoxy through Sunni doctrines also supported the Twelver…

community spread across various parts of the world, which led to the Battle of Jamal and Battle of Siffin. The dispute intensified greatly after the Battle of Karbala, in which Hussein ibn Ali and his household were killed by the ruling Umayyad Caliph Yazid I, and the outcry for revenge divided the early Islamic community. The present demographic breakdown between the two denominations is approximately 85–90% of the world's Muslims are Sunni and 10–15% are Shia, with most Shias belonging to the…

The Shiites had articulated the doctrine that only a descendent of the Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib, could be imam or leader of the Muslim community. This Shiite group split into activist and quietist wings – the quietist was called Imami or “Twelver” Shiites, they believed the line of visible imams had ended in 874 when the twelfth imam, still only an infant, believed to gone into hiding in Samarra, from which he will return as Mahdi. The activist, the Ismaili view, argued…

One thousand years and the capital of the empire of the Eastern Roman Empire. To the Ottoman Empire from the mid-level of the center of gravity unchanged. From 1920 until the death of the 15th century. However, the Safavids were presided over a vast territory, variegated, if the climate of the alpine region of the Caucasus, stretching The Persian Gulf and the Arabian hot, dry areas in the mountains Sea. Like the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal state, Iran was a complex Sapa. Safavid Iran, as for…

for one week. 4 Unfortunately this did not matter, the battle of Chaldiran caused Shah Ismail to fall into a great depression. He retreated from the majority of affairs regarding the state and instigated him create a more equal balance of power between the Quzibash Emirs and the Persian-Tajik land owning nobility. 4 This heralded a significant political realignment within the Safavid Empire. Over the next ten years there were many battled fought by the Qizibash, they continued to hold great…

is fundamentalist approach to Islam, with Prophet Mohammad as their leader. They shun bid’ah, and support Sharia (Islamic law)4 (Alexandria and Amman, The Economist. 27 June 2015) Looking at the nass- known, or clear, legal injunction5 (Sachedina 1981: 137) and the apparent side is the basic stand to understand the faith. Their religious texts that are Quraan and Hadith are based on philosophy and history. To them truth of faith is the devotion toward Quraan and Hadith and not doing whatever…

elected directly by the voters for two-year terms, and Senate members also elected directly for six-years. There is no limit on the number of terms they can serve. The one-third of the Senate is changing every 2 years because of the stepping. The Congress elected the President. In total there are 538 electors (Congress 535, plus the electors of District of Columbia) but 270 votes is enough for the candidate to become the President although he needs the Senate’s to approve the appointment. The…