Subcutaneous injection

of the patient (Darby, 2015, 823). DM patient’s can have poor nutrition diets and can benefit from nutritional counseling. Insulin therapy is most common used to control to glucose levels in patient’s with DM. Insulin is administered by a subcutaneous injection due to the inability to absorb from the GI tract (Haveless, 2011, 256). The most common adverse reaction related to insulin is hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia can be caused by insulin overdose, increased amount of stress, or failure to eat…

to the body, how it reaches the point of action, and how it is removed from the body. The most important stage is absorption, and it highlights how the drug is introduced into the body. It includes intravenous administration, subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, oral administration, and rectal administration. Each of these ways determines how the drug is absorbed into the body. Distribution is the next stage, and it deals with how a drug reaches different organs in the body. The…

Insulin Receptor Introduction Insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor, an important member to a large family of tyrosine kinase receptor proteins. Endogenous ligands such as insulin, IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor-1) and IGF-2 (Insulin-like growth factor-2) bind to this receptor to carry out major physiological and metabolic functions. INSR (Insulin Receptor) gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed in our body to form a functional heterotetrameric insulin…

saturation, and increased anterior-posterior diameter upon assessment. Due to the patient’s status, frequent respiratory assessments were a necessity. In addition to the many lower respiratory medications I administered, I also administered a subcutaneous injection of heparin due to the patient’s lack of mobility. My patient with shingles required a thorough head to toe skin assessment to monitor the progression of the disease, and her response to pharmacological therapy. At the beginning of my…

laboratory blood work. The patient reports increased thirst and urinary frequency for a month without clinical evaluation. Patient was tested for Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies which results as being positive. The patient was started on subcutaneous insulin at diagnosis and given diabetes education. After three months of diabetic treatment with insulin and biweekly diabetic education to adjust her insulin, the patient’s hemoglobin A1C was resulted as 7.7…

Plants have major role in changing the life of human civilization both for health as well as quality life from ancient times. Since inception of knowledge about the usefulness, out of 258,650 species of higher plants 10% are considered to be useful for curing the diseases. (Shinwari 2010). From the human civilization different systems of treatments like Ayurveda, Unani, Naturopathy, Sidha, Homeopathy and many more have been devised ; but the source almost remain same i.e., medicinal plants for…

Methotrexate is a drug used to treat cancer, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and to induce miscarriage in women who have had ectopic pregnancies. Question 1: Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a certain type of drug after administration through absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion while travelling throughout the body. Absorption Absorption is defined as the movement of a drug through the bloodstream. Absorption of a drug is affected by the solubility of the…

Evaluate the effect oral administration of Bisphenol A on tissue and liver enzymes, serum lipids and blood glucose in rats Abstract: Background and Purpose:Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound of carbon with chemical formula is (CH3)2C (C6H4OH) 2 Diphenyl methane derivatives belonging to the group. BPA has harmful effects on mammals.Because of endocrine disrupters can be on serum lipids, tissue and serum liver enzymes and blood sugar affect, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects…

The effect of opium on diethylnitrosamine-induced gastrointestinal cancer in rats Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells and their spreading to another tissues ,these characterizing of cancers which mostly lead to death ,if their spreading is not controlled.Cancers are caused by chemical materials ,infectious organisms,tobacco and radiation as external factors and hormones,mutation and immune conditions as internal factors.(1) Gastrointestinal cancers are the term for many cancers which…

orbital, supraorbital, or temporal pain, accompanied by autonomic phenomena and/or restlessness or agitation (patients will move around the room and won’t be able to sit still). Autonomic symptoms include ptosis, miosis, lacrimation, conjunctival injection, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion, which only occur during the pain attack and are ipsilateral to the pain. Attacks are abrupt in onset and may occur as often as eight times a day and are generally short lived, from 45 minutes to 2 hours.…