Second World

The Uzbek case provides examples of ways in which their teacher preparation program targeted those needs perceived by both the trainers and the local teachers. In this second case, Snow et al. argue how important it is to resort to external specialists in the assessment of the current status quo of a teacher training programme at the Institute of English Language Teacher Education in Uzbekistan (IELTE) so as to tackle…

INTRODUCTION There are unlimited challenges for second language acquisition. Generally, it is very important to search for significant and proper way to deliver information in teaching and learning process in order to achieve language acquisition effectively. What is language learning? The similarity of language learning and language acquisition can be determined when a learner gives input and output of the language and try to apply the use of second language in her/his daily life. The…

in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions. Though it is commonplace to say we live in a globalised world, less well understood is that globalisation is taking place in stages. In the first stage as flows of capital and goods were liberated the benefits of globalisation e.g., technological advance-ments, flowed primarily to the deve-loped world. As we enter the current newer age of mobility, people have begun to move across borders in great numbers in pursuit of…

in North America, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, the Caribbean and South Africa. It is also used in many former British colonies as a second language; one of them is Nigeria. In line with the Kachru’s model of English users, there are three circles, namely; inner circle, users in this circle are endo-normative,…

spoken or written language that has been produced in the course of real communication (Nunan, 1999). According to Kasper (1997), authentic second language input is essential for pragmatic learning, but it does not secure successful pragmatic development. Many researchers have stated that noticing or consciousness is a prerequisite for the acquisition of second language pragmatic features (Kasper & Schmidt, 1996 & Schmidt, 1990). According to Ellis (2003), noticing is a way through which input is…

students are allowed to choose between the Chinese track (Hanwen ban) and Tibetan track (Zangwen ban). For example, should the student opt for Tibetan track, Tibetan would be their language of instruction for most subjects while Chinese is taught as the second language only. After six years of basic education in Tibetan track, the student’s Chinese proficiency would be equal to that of a third-grader . In fact, this has always been a recipe of minzu education for not only Tibetan minority but…

speakers, it has become a lingua franca. A lingua franca can be defined as “a language widely adopted for communication between two speakers whose native languages are different from each other’s and where one or both speakers are using it as a ‘second language’.“ English seems to be one of the main languages of international communication, and even people who are not speakers of English often know words such as bank, computer, hotel, hospital, piano, radio, taxi, television and walkman.…

Languages have different aspects and characteristics that may establish their own identity from other languages used all around the world. One of these aspects is the phonological properties of these languages. Languages share a content common to all people; however, they differ with regard to their specific and nation-dependent phonetic means used to express it. These phonetic means grant a particular sound to each language. A phonetic system is usually based on segmental units: phonemes,…

utilize complex frameworks of correspondence, especially the human capacity to do as such, and a language is a particular case of such a framework. The logical investigation of language is called linguistics” Estimating the quantity of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. Common languages are talked or marked, however any language can be encoded into auxiliary media utilizing sound-related, visual, or material jolts. For instance, in whistling, marked, or braille. This is on the…

pragmatics and communication are interrelated. In the sense that pragmatics offers a thorough understanding of how speakers mean what they say on the basis of different levels of communication differences. 1.6.3.1. When to Talk Cultures across the world have special perception of when to talk.…