Roman Missal

territory, resulting in a spread of their cultures and ideas. Romans regulated their lives through traditional values by focusing on personal connections, the class system, and various religious duties. A lot of their framework came from the Roman Empire’s predecessor, Ancient Greece. The common ideals of Rome during this time include virtue, courage, and faithfulness. As seen in The Rape of Lucretia, the narrative reflects all of these Roman values, but also the historical context of the first…

spread throughout the kingdom by his Apostles and a new religion called “Christianity” was embraced and expanded. Christians worship one God and believe in a trinity of their God. The concept of a monotheistic religion wasn’t accepted in the pagan Roman Empire. Christian beliefs were insulting to the pagan polytheistic culture. Christians did not have legal rights in the state unless they professed belief and made sacrifices to the pagan Gods. As a result, Christians were persecuted in a…

Augustus is the true Augusti and forever the “First Citizen of Rome” because of his political, spiritual and social reconstruction. From his military triumph Augustus received recognition not only from the Roman people, but also the Senate. Augustus used his power for the greater good of Roman and its people. He managed to end the civil wars and transfer the power obtained back to the Senate and people. Through spiritual and social reconstruction, Augustus attempted to restore moral standards in…

“It seems to me most strange that men should fear, seeing that death, a necessary end, will come when it will come” (JC 2.2.35-37). It is not a proven fact, but by this statement Caesar would be at peace with his death. He does not live is life in fear of what can happen. Caesar believes that when it is your time to die you should not fear death. As he is dying Caesar last words are, “Et tu, Bruté?—Then fall, Caesar” (JC 3.1.77). Caesar perceives that even if his good friend Brutus wants him…

virtue-ethics plagued the secular government. Authors of the 5th and 6th centuries, like Procopius and St. Augustine, offer little to undermine that notion. One would be quick to assume that the general decline in quality of life in the late Eastern-Roman world would have a detrimental effect on the rights of women. However, contemporary research indicates that the opposite was true. Women in Constantinople during late-antiquity managed to not only retain the social gains made by the rise of…

the Jewish population, has expanded into Romans, Muslims, and other culture groups. With Jesus’s words spread to the gentiles, the Romans decides to execute thousands of Christian because they see Christians as major threat of the fall of the Roman Empire, which results in the Great Persecution in 303. After Constantine takes over, as Romans accept Christianity, he releases Edict of Milan in 313, which legalizes Christianity and other religions. (Cohen “Roman Responses to the New Superstition”).…

When Paul got to the city of Corinth it was a Roman city but before that they were a great city that was known and symbolized for their temple for Apollo. In the second century though the Romans wanted to attack other cities and states to get more territory and land. Corinth along with other neighbouring cities and states asked for protection from the invading Romans but their appeal for protection came at no avail as the Romans came in and destroyed the state. Almost a century before Paul made…

Previously Romans policy has been applying traditional measures to ensure the loyalty of its subjects and to prevent forbidden associations had been inspired to maintain peace and social equilibrium. This was not true for Constantine. His was more a succession of steps…

his death, his disciples continue to embrace the value of intimacy, meeting in small groups and stressing internal as opposed to external growth. As the Church amasses more followers and expands even further by becoming the official religion of the Roman Empire, it begins to lose some of its original focus. Although through expansion the Church accumulates a greater number…

The use of rhythm through iambic pentameter plays an important part in understanding Marc Antony’s funeral oration in Julius Caesar. Much of the speech is representative of Antony’s thought process and the rhythmic variations allow the audience to connect with his train of thought. Determining the meaning of these rhythmic variations can be done by examining the iambic pentameter. For instance in Speaking Shakespeare, Patsy Rodenburg discusses the importance of counting syllables in each line to…