World Lit by Fire discusses the era known as the Dark Ages with its Medieval mindset throughout Europe, the development of the Renaissance, and the rise of humanism. Manchester argues that the mindset of Medieval Europe was a simple one where the notion of “Self-identity” did not exist, and where life was centrally controlled by the Roman Catholic Church. People gravitated to the Church’s congregations to become a part…
One of the most important events of the early church is the conversion of the Roman Emperor Constantine. While many still debate his conversion or the sincerity of his faith, what cannot be argued, is the impact this had on the church. The emergence of the Constantinian era in both world and church history is still evident today. The recent visit of Pope Francis to the United States demonstrates the still present impact. In summary, the conversion of Constantine and the subsequent policies…
The year is 1095 and the territory of the Muslim Empire is expanding into the holy land, the Roman Catholic Church sees this and launches one of the most famous string of wars in world history, the Crusades. The main objective of the Crusades was to retake the holy land in the Middle-East. The Crusades were a series of holy wars which began in 1095 when Pope Urban II made a plea to retake Jerusalem and the holy lands. In total there were eight Crusades lasting around 196 years, however, the last…
the United States and across all Western empires. Until Occidentalism came to an end, the apartheid was continually being fed. Fortunately, the white consciousness grew tired of witnessing the atrocities covered on global television. Coming out of America’s own Civil Rights movement, it seemed absurd for another nation with a majority of blacks to be ruled by a minority of whites. The WCC reach had grown long and the world took notice. A full solidarity of a united global church with South…
magnitude. As war-barren as Europe’s landscape was prior to the First World War, it was equally war-plagued in the following century, with each politically significant event linked, at least indirectly to the Great War. The American Great Depression, the rise of Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany, who fed off of their countries’ losses in the war and used them as their political platform, the crisis of liberalism, the popularity of appeasement politics, the economic turmoil in Germany, and…
When you head off to college, what are some of items that your parents provide for you? Go ahead think about it. Most students will say money, or forgotten possessions, or even the illustrious “gourmet” box of home cooked meals, yum. But when we compare the aspects of universities in the Middle Ages up to the Renaissance in terms of college life, we find that the lives of students in our age were more or less alike and different. Although the universities of the Middle Ages were restricted to…
The Renaissance took root in Italy in the 14th century and spread north, bringing with it a renewed interest in classical values as people rediscovered the ancient Greek and Roman literature and art that the Middle Ages forgot. Use of the feudal system declined in favor of monarchies, oligarchies, and parliaments, and the Roman Catholic Pope had less influence on politics. Niccolò Machiavelli’s 1532 The Prince separated political theory and religion as Machiavelli described a successful ruler as…
of the empire. Each structure had a unique purpose. The Roman population needed an abundance of fresh drinking water to thrive. The water from the Tiber River was not drinkable and rainwater was not bountiful enough to supply the city. In 312 BC, Censor Appius Claudius Caecus commissioned the first aqueduct, Aqua Appia. This aqueduct showed the power of the empire to provide water to the city in a fast and efficient matter. As the population grew, the empire created more aqueducts. The Romans…
INTRODUCTION Many historians argue Charlemagne was the greatest uniting force of Europe since the Roman Empire under the “Five Good Emperors” (Machiavelli Ch. 10)1. My primary intent of this essay is to examine the rule of Charlemagne and why he is often acknowledged as the “Father of Europe”. With this goal in mind, I have studied the works of Rosamond McKitterick, Roger Collins, Alessandro Barbero, and Heinrich Fichtenau. Through these authors and historians I have gained insight into…
mass production of literature for all to read. It has also allowed for scientists to spread their ideas and experiments with each other in an accurate fashion. The Protestant Reformation, started by Martin Luther, had a huge impact on the Catholic Church with the help of the printing press. The concept of citing one’s work became commonplace with the printing press as page numbering and table of contents was more consistent. The printing press is one of the most influential inventions of…