Relative density

Relative density (RD) was equal to N/S x 100, where N was the number of individuals of a species found in a sample, and S was the sum of all N. RD for each species of tree, sapling or shrub, and seedling shows what percentage of the total density that species accounts for. Relative frequency (RF) was equal to F/G x 100, where F was frequency and G was the sum of all F; it shows the how often each species of tree, sapling or shrub, and seedling occurred out of the total occurrences of all species. To determine how much area each species accounted for in the site, basal area was calculated by πd2/4, where d was the measured DBH. From here, Relative basal area (RBA) was determined for trees by K/L x 100, where K was the total basal area for a species and L was the sum of all basal areas of all species. Using RD, RF, and RBA, importance index (II) for each species of tree was found by (RD + RF + RBA)/3. For saplings and shrubs and seedlings, RBA was not calculated, so II was found by (RD + RF)/2. The II takes the number, distribution, and, in the case of trees, size…

location and size into four categories of N-facing large, N-facing medium, S-facing large, and S-facing medium. For each of the groups the density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, basal area, relative basal area, and importance value were calculated. Using this calculated data, figures were created to compare the data between each category. Results: There were multiple different parameters that were analyzed in this study. The relative frequency was determined by finding the…

possible, and the carboxyl end will orient itself so that is as close to the water as possible. These qualities make stearic acid molecules in water practically vertical. This leads to the two reasonable assumptions the experiment works well under: that the stearic acid molecule will be rectangular and that all the stearic acid molecules are tightly packed together so that there is no empty space between molecules. The stearic acid molecule will be made experimentally by adding drops of stearic…

For example, S=√(〖∑▒〖(x-x ̅ ̅ 〗)〗^2/(n-1) □(⇒┬ )) √((〖∑▒〖((7.50-7.20〗)〗^2+〖(6.77-7.20)〗^2+〖(7.17-7.20)〗^2+〖(7.84-7.20)〗^2+〖(6.73-7.20)〗^2)/(5-1) ) S=√(0.906/4)=0.48 g/〖cm〗^3=0.48 mL Water added by 50 mL beaker Water added by 10 mL grad cylinder Water added by 50 mL buret Average volume (mL) 7.20 mL 9.88 mL 9.96 mL Standard deviation (mL) 0.48 mL 0.044 mL 0.060 Absolute error for glassware (mL) 2.8 mL 0.12 mL 0.04 mL Relative error for glassware (%) 28.0% 1.2% 0.4% Relative standard…

One of the topics covered deals with salinity and temperature. As part of the lesson, students will essentially understand how (1) temperature and salinity affect water density and (2) how those previously mentions characteristics affect how heat moves globally. This lesson comes toward the end of the oceanography unit in the class. In days prior, students have learned about waves, tides and currents. For the lesson students are required to take their knowledge from the unit to “layer”…

Table 2.1: Parameters of tested water turbines (by Shionoet.al, 2002) Solidity (σ) Chord length (C) (mm) Blade inclination angle(ɸ)(°) Height (h) (mm) 0.20 62.8 43.7 300 0.30 94.2 43.7 300 0.40 125.7 43.7 300 0.50 157.1 43.7 300 0.40 125.7 50.0 374 0.40 125.7 60.0 544 Next, the effect of solidity σ on the water turbine characteristics was measured. Figure 2.1 shows a comparative analysis of torque characteristics for different solidity ratios at velocity 1.0 m/s, performed by Shionoet.…

3.2 Analysis of chip formation Fig. 7 shows the chip forms obtained during milling of the Al7075 (a) and MMCs (b) using the uncoated carbide inserts at a feed rate of 0.1 mm/tooth, machining speed of 290 m/min and axial depth of cut of 1.3 mm. The Al7075 chips formed during milling exhibited a smooth and shiny surface, and were in a semicircular and parabolic trapezoidal wave with a small radius and a saw-tooth-form, as shown in Fig. 7 (a). Fig. 7 (b) shows the chip shapes formed during the…

In the “ If the earth has layers than the top layer is the least dense.” the hypothesis was accepted. Data that supports this is that canister number one had the least amount of sand and a density of 0.40g/mL3.This canister was the least dense of the three canisters. This is why it floated on the surface of the water. Opposed to canisters numbers two with more sand than canister number two and canister number three had the most sand .Water’s density is 1 g/mL3 . The reason canister one floated…

Density of Sand The objective of this lab is to use knowledge from previous labs, like the density of water and solids lab, and apply it to find the density of sand. First you must weigh your graduated cylinder, and record the weight, then pour in whatever amount of sand you choose. You then must weigh that to find the mass, and subtract whatever you got by the mass of the graduated cylinder. After that you pour in some water, and find the difference of how much the water went up and, what the…

When comparing the results of each subject in a group, they show that the control, or the subject that had no fluid intake during the experiment had very less or no fluid output in every 20 minutes unlike the subject that had about 5ml/kg-1 of water intake. The results also show that caffeine and exercise affect the amount of urine produced in different ways: the caffeine seems to increase the total amount of urine that is produced while exercise decreases the total amount of urine produced.…