Pope Paul VI

able to encounter the fullness of God. In this letter Luther opens up with three major shortcomings that Catholic Church was displaying during Luther’s time. Those three problems that he saw were: Spiritual verses Secular authority, authority of the Pope to expound on scripture, and Pope’s authority to summoned council (Kerr, 143). These three items that Luther writes about are known as the “Three Roman Walls”. Luther goes on to express why each of these walls need to come tumbling down like…

wanted a song to succeed his throne. He wanted a divorce, but that was against the church’s teachings. When the pope refused to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon who couldn’t have children anymore, he declared that only he should have the final authority in relation to the English Church. King Henry VIII put a stop to the church’s overpowered wealth and instead of only the pope having the Bible the Bible can now be in the hands of the…

In chapter seventeen we are learning about Europe during the Enlightenment or known as the “Age of Reason”. The cause for this Enlightenment was the Thirty Years’ War. Politics, philosophy, science, and communication were all basically reconstructed. People throughout Europe questioned authority and knew that there needed to be a change. Many things were produced during the Enlightenment period such as; books, essays, inventions, discoveries, laws, wars, and revolutions. Many significant things…

differing opinions on who should choose local bishops clashed in the early 11th century. Pope Gregory was an advocate for more church authority and believed that he, and future popes, should have absolute say in certain spheres of power and decision making. To cement this total authority, Gregory created his “Dictatus Papae” in 1075, which laid out his vision for the church and delegated certain powers to the pope, illustrating his vision for a powerful papacy that had superiority over all…

It is amazing to see how religion has made such an impact on music and dancing. As far back as the Renaissance religion had an enormous impact on both. During the Renaissance it was mostly the Roman Catholic Church that had powerful control. If you were a troubadour or trouvères participating in secular music and not in the office or mass participating in Gregorian Chant than you were considered part of the lowest social class. However, if it was not for the troubadours and trouvère we probably…

Peter the Great vs. Louis XIV There has yet to be a king in history that is without fault, that has no failures. In the early 1600’s to the late 1600’s two kings arose, one from Russia and one from France. Peter the Great was from Russia, while Louis XIV was from France. While both of these rulers had obstacles, they both climbed over them and managed to get back on their feet and they made their rule historical. Both Peter the Great and Louis XIV had many goals that they wanted to achieve, they…

The historical period in which the Roman Catholic Church was established in the United States is approximated to be in the 16th Century. The first group to bring Catholicism to the thirteen English colonies were the Spaniards, followed by the French. After the region was colonized by England, the British missionaries brought their influence and affirmed Catholicism in the thirteen British colonies. Roman Catholicism was established during the colonial period and the majority of the members were…

luxury and opulence. A move to establish a Third Estate (i.e. French Parliament) backfired as the clergy and nobility moved politically to form a National Assembly. These events led to a Civil Constitution that included reforms for the Church. Pope Pius VI would not agree to the constitution, but the king could not stand against the assembly. Ultimately, this led to the execution of the king and many others via the guillotine. However, the most significant impacts of the revolution were to the…

turned the renaissance into the blissful era that it was. This enormous wheel turned under the guise of pious reverence, and the spokes were the small psychological manipulations divvied out by the enormous world power. The help of indulgences, corrupt popes, and even lack of faith in the upper ranks of the church were the pillars to the parthenon of the church. Faith at this time became a leash, the dominant power of the church was the controlling master, as the general population became the…

Around 1310, Roman de Fauvel, attributed to Gervais de Bus, began circulating through Europe. This extended medieval poem split into two books is full of symbolism and mockery of higher institutions and the government. This story includes a visual satire that is accompanied by beautiful, carefully chosen, polyphonic music. Roman de Fauvel is basically a symbol of everything wrong with France in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The two books can be described as underlyingly…