Periodontitis(PD), is an inflammatory disorder of tooth-supporting structures, which initiates loss of periodontal supporting tissues, with tooth mobility increasing and finally tooth loss(1). Furthermore, it is characterized by the periodontal pocket formation and recession of the gingiva. The hallmark clinical feature of established PD is clinical attachment loss(CAL) (2) (3). Chronic periodontitis(CP) is a gingivitis pathological development, which, in contrast, is a reversible inflammation in response to intraoral plaque microorganisms that is restricted entirely to the gingival soft tissues without CAL observed. Clinically, CP is different from other less common PD such as Aggressive periodontitis (4). PD is the main cause of tooth loss…
It is indicated for all types of periodontitis however it is especially effective with pockets depth of 5-7mm. The goal of the procedure is not pocket elimination but healing the periodontal pocket with minimum tissue lost. The modified Widman flap requires three incisions to separate the pocket lining from the tooth surface. The initial incision dissects the pocket epithelium and portions of the subepithelial connective tissue. The gingiva is then reflected using the elevator, but only to the…
Periodontitis and its relations to systemic health Periodontitis is considered to be an inflammatory disease which is characterized by destruction of the supporting structure of the teeth (periodontal ligament and alveolar bone). Its highly common and can change the quality of life of the affected patient. Periodontitis includes gingivitis, but the difference is that the gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene while in periodontitis is irreversible because it is extensive and is…
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease causing the destruction of extracellular space, mainly that of the joints (154). Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory process occurring in the periodontal crevice that is considered a mini joint, in a fluid filled compartment adjacent to the bone (155). Thus both disorders are chronic inflammatory processes occurring in a fluid filled tissue adjacent to the bone, which is then gradually eroded. An association between periodontitis and rheumatoid…
Various risk factors influence the progression of periodontitis and contribute towards the ability of bacteria to invade periodontal tissue. Consequently, the inflammatory process caused by bacterial infection, causes soft tissue destruction and bone loss (Berezow & Darveau, 2011). Stress and anxiety cause an increased level of adrenocorticotropic hormones, such as cortisol in blood and saliva. Cortisol has an immunosuppressive effect on the host, strengthening the ability for pathogenic…
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Due to bacterial infection, periodontal tissues become inflamed, and are slowly destroyed by the action of the inflammatory process. If the disease is left untreated, teeth lose their ligamentous support to the alveolar bone, alveolar bone itself is resorbed, and the teeth become mobile and are finally lost.1 Traditionally, periodontitis was thought to be strictly environmental in origin. Despite this belief,…
Periodontal diseases generally refer to common inflammatory disorders known as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are caused by a pathogenic microbiota in the subgingival biofilm that trigger an inflammatory response that activate the immune system. Biochemical mediators are biologically active compound, released by the immune cells as a response of the body to eliminate pathogenic bacteria when the periodontium is infected. These mediators responsible to initiate the inflammatory response are…
Chronic periodontitis is a complex disease caused by microorganism. recent studies showed the effect of periodontal diseases on the systemic health conditions like cardiovascular disease (CVD). C reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant which used as marker for monitoring of periodontal diseases and systemic health problems. Body mass index (BMI) on the other hand has a relationship with the level of CRP and severity of periodontal diseases as well as systemic health. 1.1. INTRODUCTION …
It can be performed with tools or an ultrasonic device. • Root planning- A procedure that discourages ulterior tartar buildup. • Antibiotics- Antibiotics used to treat periodontitis remains open to debate. The periodontist or dentist may recommend the use of topical or oral antibiotics for bacterial infections. Topical antibiotics are usually the treatment of choice. Mouthwashes may include antibiotics or inserting wires and gels containing antibiotics in the space between the teeth and the gums…
aged 30 years and older have some form of periodontal disease. There are two general categories of periodontal diseases, and their classification is based on whether there is attachment or bone loss involved in the clinical findings. Furthermore, periodontal disease can be gingivitis if no attachment loss or periodontitis if the gingival attachment moved from its healthy position which is coronal to cementum-enamel-junction(CEJ). Gingivitis refers to inflammation…